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Öğe Association of clinical features with spike glycoprotein mutations in Iranian COVID-19 patients(MDPI, 2022) Ahangarzadeh, Shahrzad; Yousefi, Alireza; Ranjbar, Mohammad Mehdi; Dabiri, Arezou; Zarepour, Atefeh; Sadeghi, Mahmoud; Heidari, Elham; Mazrui, Fariba; Hosseinzadeh, Majid; Ataei, Behrooz; Zarrabi, Ali; Shariati, Laleh; Javanmard, Shaghayegh HaghjooyBackground: Mutations in spike glycoprotein, a critical protein of SARS-CoV-2, could directly impact pathogenicity and virulence. The D614G mutation, a non-synonymous mutation at position 614 of the spike glycoprotein, is a predominant variant circulating worldwide. This study investigated the occurrence of mutations in the crucial zone of the spike gene and the association of clinical symptoms with spike mutations in isolated viruses from Iranian patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 epidemic in Isfahan, the third-largest city in Iran. Methods: The extracted RNA from 60 nasopharyngeal samples of COVID-19 patients were subjected to cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR (in three overlapping fragments). Each patient's reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products were assembled and sequenced. Information and clinical features of all sixty patients were collected, summarized, and analyzed using the GENMOD procedure of SAS 9.4. Results: Analysis of 60 assembled sequences identified nine nonsynonymous mutations. The D614G mutation has the highest frequency among the amino acid changes. In our study, in 31 patients (51.66%), D614G mutation was determined. For all the studied symptoms, no significant relationship was observed with the incidence of D614G mutation. Conclusions: D614G, a common mutation among several of the variants of SARS-CoV-2, had the highest frequency among the studied sequences and its frequency increased significantly in the samples of the third wave compared to the samples of the second wave of the disease.Öğe A comprehensive review on novel targeted therapy methods and nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems in melanoma(Elsevier, 2023) Rahimi, Azadeh; Esmaeili, Yasaman; Dana, Nasim; Dabiri, Arezou; Rahimmanesh, Ilnaz; Jandaghian, Setareh; Vaseghi, GolnazMelanoma, a malignant form of skin cancer, has been swiftly increasing in recent years. Although there have been significant advancements in clinical treatment underlying a well-understanding of melanoma-susceptible genes and the molecular basis of melanoma pathogenesis, the permanency of response to therapy is frequently constrained by the emergence of acquired resistance and systemic toxicity. Conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have already been used to treat melanoma and are dependent on the cancer stage. Nevertheless, ineffective side effects and the heterogeneity of tumors pose major obstacles to the therapeutic treatment of malignant melanoma through such strategies. In light of this, advanced therapies including nucleic acid therapies (ncRNA, aptamers), suicide gene therapies, and gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes, have lately gained immense attention in the field of cancer treat-ment. Furthermore, nanomedicine and targeted therapy based on gene editing tools have been applied to the treatment of melanoma as potential cancer treatment approaches nowadays. Indeed, nanovectors enable delivery of the therapeutic agents into the tumor sites by passive or active targeting, improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarized the recent findings related to novel targeted therapy methods as well as nanotechnology-based gene systems in melanoma. We also discussed current issues along with potential directions for future research, paving the way for the next-generation of melanoma treatments.Öğe Gene editing-based technologies for beta-hemoglobinopathies treatment(MDPI, 2022) Rahimmanesh, Ilnaz; Boshtam, Maryam; Kouhpayeh, Shirin; Khanahmad, Hossein; Dabiri, Arezou; Ahangarzadeh, Shahrzad; Esmaeili, Yasaman; Bidram, Elham; Vaseghi, Golnaz; Haghjooy, Shaghayegh; Shariati, Laleh; Zarrabi, Ali; Varma, Rajender S.Simple Summary: ?-thalassemia syndromes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous blood disorders presented by ?-chain deficiency in hemoglobin production. Despite improvements in transfusion practices and chelation treatment, many lingering challenges have encouraged researchers to develop newer therapeutic strategies such as gene editing. One of the most powerful arms of genetic manipulation is gene editing tools, which have been recently applied to improve ?-thalassemia symptoms. Nevertheless, several obstacles, such as off-target effects, protospaceradjacent motif requirement, efficient gene transfer and expression methods, DNA-damage toxicity, and immunotoxicity issues still need to be addressed in order to improve the safety and efficacy of the gene editing approaches. Hence, additional efforts are needed to address these problems, evaluate the safety of genome editing tools at the clinical level and follow the outcomes of gene editing tools-mediated therapeutic approaches in related patients. Abstract: Beta (?)-thalassemia is a group of human inherited abnormalities caused by various molecular defects, which involves a decrease or cessation in the balanced synthesis of the ?-globin chains in hemoglobin structure. Traditional treatment for ?-thalassemia major is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from a completely matched donor. The limited number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors, long-term use of immunosuppressive regimen and higher risk of immunological complications have limited the application of this therapeutic approach. Furthermore, despite improvements in transfusion practices and chelation treatment, many lingering challenges have encouraged researchers to develop newer therapeutic strategies such as nanomedicine and gene editing. One of the most powerful arms of genetic manipulation is gene editing tools, including transcription activator-like effector nucleases, zinc-finger nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–Cas-associated nucleases. These tools have concentrated on ?- or ?-globin addition, regulating the transcription factors involved in expression of endogenous ?-globin such as KLF1, silencing of ?-globin inhibitors including BCL11A, SOX6, and LRF/ZBTB7A, and gene repair strategies. In this review article, we present a systematic overview of the appliances of gene editing tools for ?-thalassemia treatment and paving the way for patients’ therapy.Öğe Smartphone-assisted lab-in-a-tube device using gold nanocluster-based aptasensor for detection of MUC1-overexpressed tumor cells(Elsevier, 2023) Sanati, Alireza; Esmaeili, Yasaman; Khavani, Mohammad; Bidram, Elham; Rahimi, Azadeh; Dabiri, Arezou; Rafienia, MohammadDeveloping smartphone technology for point-of-care diagnosis is one of the current favorable trends in the field of biosensors. In fact, using smartphones can provide better accessibility and facility for rapid diagnosis of diseases. On the other hand, the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is one of the recent methods for the early diagnosis of cancer. Here, a new smartphone-assisted lab-in-a-tube device is introduced for the detection of Mucin 1 (MUC1) overexpressed tumor-derived cell lines using gold nanoclusters (GNCs)-based aptasensor.
