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Öğe Antioxidant capacity and profiles of phenolic acids in various genotypes of purple wheat(MDPI, 2022) Shamanin, Vladimir P.; Tekin-Çakmak, Zeynep Hazal; Gordeeva, Elena I.; Karasu, Salih; Pototskaya, Inna; Chursin, Alexandr S.; Pozherukov, Violetta E.; Özülkü, Görkem; Morgounov, Alexey I.; Sağdıc, Osman; Köksel, HamitThe total phenolic content, phenolic compositions, and antioxidant capacity in the grain of 40 purple wheat genotypes were studied. In this study, purple wheats were investigated in terms of their composition of free and bound phenolic acids and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity. The free phenolic content ranged from 164.25 to 271.05 mg GAE/100 g DW and the bound phenolic content was between 182.89-565.62 mg GAE/100 g wheat. The total phenolic content of purple wheat samples ranged from 352.65 to 771.83 mg GAE/100 g wheat. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, m-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, chrysin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, sinapic acid, and chlorogenic acid were detected by HPLC system. Gallic acid, benzoic acid derivatives, and dominant phenolics, which are frequently found in cereals, were also dominant in purple wheat samples and were found in free fractions. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH method. The antioxidant capacity (AA%) in the free phenolic extracts of the purple wheats was between 39.7% and 59.5%, and the AA% values of bound phenolic extract of the purple wheat varied between 42.6% and 62.7%. This study suggested that purple wheat samples have high phenolic compound content as antioxidant potential and therefore consumption of purple wheat-containing food products may provide health benefits.Öğe Bile acid binding capacity, dietary fibre and phenolic contents of modern and old bread wheat varieties and landraces: a comparison over the course of around one century(SPRINGER, 2021) Cetiner, Buket; Tomoskozi, Sandor; Schall, Eszter; Salantur, Ayten; Köksel, HamitThe aim was to compare functional properties of modern and old bread wheats and Anatolian landraces to determine whether there have been substantial changes in these properties over the course of around one century (since 1930s). Six modern bread wheat varieties, nine old bread wheats registered prior to 1970 and three landraces grown in Anatolia were used in the study. Another aim was to compare gluten content in wheat landraces and one modern bread wheat variety. Modern wheat varieties had the highest average total dietary fibre content and bile acid binding capacity. Landraces had the highest soluble dietary fibre, total phenolic contents and phytic acid contents among all genotypes. Gluten levels of two landraces (Siyez and Karakilcik) were lower than the hexaploid wheats (cv. Tosunbey and landrace Sunter). Comparison of the genotypes indicated no data to point out that modern breeding technics had adverse effects on some of the functional properties considered in this study. The results showed that while modern varieties had superior results in some of the functional parameters investigated, old varieties or landraces had better results in others.Öğe Comparison of mineral concentration and bioavailability of various modern and old bread wheat varieties grown in anatolia in around one century(SPRINGER, 2022) Cetiner, Buket; Ozdemir, Bayram; Yazar, Selami; Köksel, HamitThe main aim of this study was to compare mineral and protein contents of modern and old bread wheat varieties and Anatolian landraces to determine whether there have been important alterations in properties examined in around one century (since the 1930s). Mineral bioavailabilities of whole wheat breads of these wheats were also compared. The einkorn sample (landrace: Siyez) had the highest protein content (16.8%) in Ankara location among all modern and old wheats and landraces. The highest mineral contents were generally determined in landraces among all genotypes grown in Ankara location. The landraces had higher mean grain Ca, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn concentrations (mg.kg(-1)) than the modern wheat varieties. Karakilcik (landrace) had the highest Ca (1248), Cu (5.62), Fe (44.48), K (4826), Mg (1531), and P (4685) concentrations (mg.kg(-1)). Siyez (landrace) had the highest Cu (5.68), while Sunter (landrace) had the highest K (4950) and Zn (33.59) concentrations (mg.kg(-1)). Old wheat varieties had the highest Ca, Fe, and Mn bioavailabilities (in vitro), while modern wheat varieties had the highest Cu and S bioavailabilities in their whole wheat breads. Hence, old and modern wheat varieties and landraces could be used for enhancing the genetic basis of breeding programs in different aspects.Öğe Comparison of short and long milling flows on yield and physicochemical properties of brans from biofortified and nonbiofortified hull-less oats(Wiley, 2020) Acar, Oguz; Izydorczyk, Marta S.; Kletke, Jerry; Yazici, M. Atilla; Imamoglu, Aydin; Cakmak, Ismail; Köksel, HamitBackground The aim of this study was to compare bran yields of short- and long-flow roller mill from biofortified (+) and nonbiofortified (-) hull-less oats cv. Haskara and determine effect of biofortification (Zn, I, Se) on composition and physicochemical properties of fractions. Findings Zn, I, and Se contents were significantly increased by biofortification. Yields of coarse bran (CB) obtained by short flow were 42.6% for both Haskara samples, while those of fine bran (FB) obtained by long flow were 46.6% and 47.4% for Haskara (+) and Haskara (-). Beta-glucan (BG) contents of CB were 8.42% and 8.31%, while those of FB were 8.68% and 8.65% for respective samples. There were no significant differences between CB of Haskara (+) and Haskara (-) samples in terms of mass median diameter, dispersion, particle density, porosity, BG solubility, and RVA viscosity. The differences between FB of the same samples were also not significant in terms of those parameters. However, long flow significantly increased dispersion, porosity, BG solubility, and RVA viscosity and significantly decreased mass median diameter and bulk density compared to short flow. Conclusions Biofortified oats can be used to obtain beta-glucan-enriched milling fractions. Significance and novelty This is the first study on bran fractions obtained by different milling flows from biofortified hull-less oats.Öğe Comparison of the arabinoxylan composition and physical properties of old and modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and landraces genotypes(Wiley, 2020) Cetiner, Buket; Tomoskozi, Sandor; Torok, Kitti; Salantur, Ayten; Köksel, HamitBackground and objectives Arabinoxylans (AXs) are the main nonstarch polysaccharides in cereals, and there are many health benefits associated with AXs. The aim of this study was to compare the contents and composition of arabinoxylans in modern and old bread wheat genotypes and landraces. The second aim was to determine the correlations between AX composition and physical properties of wheats. The third aim was to investigate the changes in water-extractable AX (WEAX) content from wheat to whole wheat bread and also investigate the effect of enzyme addition on WEAX contents during bread making process. Findings Principle component analysis results indicated that there were no extreme differences between the old and new wheats in terms of AX composition and physical properties. However, the old cultivars were generally softer than the modern cultivars. There was no statistically significant difference between WEAX content of whole wheat and whole wheat bread. However, WEAX content increased in whole wheat bread with the addition of xylanase. Conclusion The results indicated that there were no extreme differences between the old and new wheats in terms of their various quality parameters. Significance and novelty Comparison of the wheat genotypes has provided no evidence that modern breeding has had negative effects on the contents of AX components.Öğe Effect of different resistant starch sources and wheat bran on dietary fibre content and in vitro glycaemic index values of cookies(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Kahraman, Kevser; Aktas-Akyildiz, Eda; Ozturk, Serpil; Köksel, HamitCross-linked starches produced in lab-scale from corn and wheat starches with TDF contents of 80.4% and 83.6% were used in cookie formulation to obtain high fibre and low glycaemic index (GI) cookies. Different resistant starch (RS) sources including and wheat bran were also used for comparison. RS sources were added into the formulation at the levels of 25, 50 and 75%. Overall cookie quality (spread ratio, hardness, colour) results showed that among the RS sources and wheat bran, lab-scale produced cross-linked wheat starch (XL-W) had an improving effect on cookie quality, whereas the other sources had detrimental effect. Cookie samples supplemented with XL-W had the highest total dietary fibre (TDF) contents regardless of the addition level. High levels of TDF content were also observed with the wheat bran supplemented cookie samples; however, quality of these cookies were low. RS and wheat bran supplementation caused significant decrease in the in vitro GI of the cookies and the lowest GI value was achieved with the cookie supplemented with XL-W. This study proved that XL-W produced in this study can be used as an alternative ingredient to produce high fibre and low GI cookies without any deteriorative effect on the quality.Öğe Effect of extrusion treatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Aktas-Akyildiz, Eda; Masatcioglu, M. Tugrul; Köksel, HamitAlthough, wheat bran is a good source of dietary fibre (DF), it has certain disadvantages due relatively lower levels of soluble DF. Therefore, in the current study, the effect of extrusion treatment on microstructure and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran was investigated. Extrusion treatment increased fibre solubility at all process conditions and the screw speed was found to be the most effective parameter. Physicochemical properties of bran were affected from extrusion treatments. While the water-binding capacities of extruded brans were lower than that of non-extruded wheat bran, their water solubilities were higher. Enzymatic hydrolysis increased the soluble DF content of the bran samples as compared to those of respective samples at the beginning of incubation. The results showed that extrusion treatment can be used to disrupt the wheat bran microstructure and thus to increase the soluble fibre content. Enzymatic hydrolysis can also be used for increasing solubility further. The outcomes of this study can be utilized for improving the technological functionality of cereal fibres to develop high fibre ingredients for food applications.Öğe Effects of resistant starch type 4 supplementation of bread on in vitro glycemic index value, bile acid-binding capacity, and mineral bioavailability(Wiley, 2020) Aribas, Merve; Kahraman, Kevser; Köksel, HamitBackground and objectives RS4 is an alternative dietary fiber source with some potential physiological benefits giving better quality end products. Common dietary fiber sources including bran usually have deteriorative effect on color, textural properties, and consumer acceptability of breads. This study was designed to investigate the effect of RS4 supplementation on the bread quality as well as mineral bioavailability, bile acid-binding capacity, in vitro glycemic index. Findings Loaf volumes of the breads supplemented with RS4 were higher than the bread supplemented with wheat bran (WB). Among the bread samples, the one supplemented with WB had the darkest color and highest firmness values. During storage, WB supplementation caused the highest increase in bread firmness. RS4 supplementation caused higher total dietary fiber (TDF) and mineral bioavailability values and lower in vitro glycemic index than bran supplementation. Conclusions RS4 supplementation of bread caused increases in TDF content, bile acid-binding capacity, and mineral bioavailability and has less deteriorative effect on the quality than WB supplementation. Breads supplemented with WB had a faster staling rate than the breads supplemented with RS4. Significance and novelty Besides the better appearance and texture of the RS4 supplemented bread samples, the improvement in nutritional properties proved that RS4 is a better dietary fiber source than WB.Öğe Effects of roller and hammer milling on the yield and physicochemical properties of fibre-rich fractions from biofortified and non-biofortified hull-less barley(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Acar, O.; Izydorczyk, M. S.; Kletke, J.; Yazici, M. A.; Ozdemir, B.; Cakmak, I.; Köksel, HamitThis study was carried out to compare fibre-rich fractions (FRF) yields of two milling systems from hull-less barley cv. Yalin with and without biofortification (Yalin (+) and (-)) and investigate effect of biofortification (Zn, I, Se) on composition and physicochemical properties of fractions. Biofortification increased Zn, I, Se contents considerably. FRF yields of roller mill (FRFR) were 55.2 and 56.2 g/100g while those of hammer mill (FRFH) were 43.7 and 45.9 g/100g for Yalin (-) and Yalin (+), respectively. Pin-milling was applied for further enrichment. The yields of enriched fraction E-FRFR were 25.9 and 26.0 g/100g while yields of enriched fraction E-FRFH were 22.8 and 24.1 g/100g for Yalin (-) and Yalin (+), respectively. Beta-glucan contents of FRFR were 7.20 and 6.91 g/100g while those of FRFH were 8.91 and 8.09 g/100g for Yalin (-) and Yalin (+), respectively. Similarly, beta-glucan contents of E-FRFR were 12.91 and 12.33 g/100g while those of E-FRFH were 14.17 and 13.02 g/100g for Yalin (-) and Yalin (+), respectively. Enrichment increased RVA viscosities, porosities and decreased bulk densities, mass median diameters and dispersions. It can be concluded that barley grains that underwent biofortification can also be employed to give beta-glucan enriched milling fractions.Öğe Genetic characterization of spring wheat germplasm for macro-, microelements and trace metals(MDPI, 2022) Morgounov, Alexey; Li, Huihui; Shepelev, Sergey; Ali, Mohsin; Flis, Paulina; Köksel, Hamit; Savin, Timur; Shamanin, VladimirWheat as a staple food crop is the main source of micro- and macronutrients for most people of the world and is recognized as an attractive crop for biofortification. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of genomic regions governing grain micro- and macroelements concentrations in a panel of 135 diverse wheat accessions through a genome-wide association study. The genetic diversity panel was genotyped using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method and phenotyped in two environments during 2017-2018. Wide ranges of variation in nutrient element concentrations in grain were detected among the accessions. Based on 33,808 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 2997 marker-element associations (MEAs) with -log10(p-value) > 3.5 were identified, representing all three subgenomes of wheat for 15-grain concentration elements. The highest numbers of MEAs were identified for Mg (499), followed by S (399), P (394), Ni (381), Cd (243), Ca (229), Mn (224), Zn (212), Sr (212), Cu (111), Rb (78), Fe (63), Mo (43), K (32) and Co (19). Further, MEAs associated with multiple elements and referred to as pleiotropic SNPs were identified for Mg, P, Cd, Mn, and Zn on chromosomes 1B, 2B, and 6B. Fifty MEAs were subjected to validation using KASIB multilocational trial at six sites in two years using 39 genotypes. Gene annotation of MEAs identified putative candidate genes that potentially encode different types of proteins related to disease, metal transportation, and metabolism. The MEAs identified in the present study could be potential targets for further validation and may be used in marker-assisted breeding to improve nutrient element concentrations in wheat grain.Öğe In vitro glycemic index, bile acid binding capacity and mineral bioavailability of spaghetti supplemented with resistant starch type 4 and wheat bran(Elsevier, 2020) Aribas, Merve; Kahraman, Keyser; Köksel, HamitIn this study effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) on nutritional and quality properties of spaghetti were investigated. RS4 was added into spaghetti at different levels (15, 20 and 25%). Wheat bran was also added to spaghetti at 15% level. RS4 supplementation caused lower negative effects on quality properties (total organic matter value, color and textural properties) than bran supplementation. The results point out that RS4 supplementation of spaghetti caused higher total dietary fiber content and comparable glycemic index value at the same bran supplementation level. RS4 caused an increase in bile acid binding capacity and expected to have positive effects on cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, RS4 supplemented spaghetti had generally better mineral bioavailability values compared to bran supplemented and control spaghettis. Overall results indicated that RS4 supplementation provided improvement in nutritional properties of spaghetti and can be an alternative ingredient for fiber supplemented spaghetti compared to bran.Öğe Investigation of the effect of different storage conditions on vitamin content of enriched pasta product(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019) Ayhan, D. Kutuk; Köksel, HamitIn this study, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin contents of enriched pasta product were analysed during eight months of storage at ambient conditions under daylight, ambient conditions in the dark, and in a refrigerator for investigating the effects of different storage conditions. Thiamine content did not change significantly at different storage periods and conditions. Riboflavin content halved starting from the first month and decreased gradually under daylight conditions. However, in the dark and refrigerated conditions riboflavin content did not change significantly during the storage. Niacin content did not change due to storage under different conditions but gradually decreased during storage. Cooking water analysis indicated that the highest vitamin loss to cooking water was observed in niacin, so that niacin was more easily leached out from the pasta product as compared to other vitamins. Validation studies confirmed that the equipment, method and system performance were suitable for the purposes of the study.Öğe An investigation on minerals, arabinoxylans and other fibres of biofortified hull-less barley fractions obtained by two milling systems(Academic Press, 2020) Acar, Oguz; Izydorczyk, Marta S.; McMillan, Tricia L.; Yazici, Melik; Ozdemir, B.; Cakmak, Ismail; Köksel, HamitThe aims of the present study were to compare arabinoxylan, glucomannan, arabinogalactan, dietary fibre and mineral contents of fibre rich and enriched-fibre rich fractions (FRF, E-FRF) obtained by two milling systems from biofortified (+) and non-biofortified (?) hull-less barley cultivar, Yalin and determine impact of biofortification (Zn, I, Se). Arabinoxylan contents and recoveries of FRF obtained by roller mill (FRFR) were 6.52% and 6.70%; 82.6% and 83.3% while those of FRF obtained by hammer mill (FRFH) were 7.36% and 7.24%; 73.9% and 73.5% for Yalin (?) and Yalin (+), respectively. Likewise, arabinoxylan contents and recoveries of E-FRFR were 11.91, 11.66%; 70.8% and 67.2% while those of E-FRFH were 11.70%, 12.13%; 61.3% and 64.9% for Yalin (?) and Yalin (+), respectively. Arabinogalactan contents of E-FRFR and E-FRFH were comparable (1.32–1.45%) for both Yalin samples. Their glucomannan contents were higher than arabinogalactan contents (1.79–1.90%). Furthermore, total dietary fibre contents of E-FRFR and E-FRFH were determined as 2.4–2.7 fold higher than their whole grain Yalin samples. Zinc, iodine, selenium contents (22 mg kg?1, 16 ?g kg?1, 122 ?g kg?1) of the whole grain of Yalin (?) increased through biofortification and milling and reached to 59 mg kg?1, 383 ?g kg?1, 345 ?g kg?1 in E-FRFR of Yalin (+), respectively.Öğe Milling performance and bread-making aptitude of the new soft kernel durum wheat variety faridur(WILEY, 2022) Pasqualone, Antonella; Palombieri, Samuela; Köksel, Hamit; Summo, Carmine; De Vita, Pasquale; Sestili, FrancescoFaridur is the first 'soft kernel' durum wheat variety released in Italy. This variety has not yet been evaluated for its end-use quality. In the present study, the milling performance (using two different mills) and bread-making ability of Faridur were compared with Svevo. An effect of the mill type on flour properties was observed, with the Chopin CD1 mill leading to finer particle size, higher starch damage and water absorption than Buhler MLU 202. Protein and gluten content was significantly higher in Faridur, but gluten quality was lower, as indicated by alveograph and farinograph analyses. The softer nature of Faridur facilitated milling, reducing energy consumption and starch damage. The baking test led to a compact product, with low specific volume, needing adjustments in processing and formulation. As energy saving has become a key competitive factor in the milling sector, Faridur has potential for expanding the use of durum wheat.Öğe Minimisation of vitamin losses in fortified cookies by response surface methodology and validation of the determination methods(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Aktas-Akyildiz, E.; Köksel, HamitFood fortification is one of the global strategies to decrease micronutrient deficiency in the society. Flour, cereal products including cookies, are significant vehicles for food fortification. In this study, flour was fortified with thiamine, riboflavin and niacin at a level to meet 25–35% of recommended dietary allowance for each vitamin. Cookies were produced using the fortified flour with some variation in baking temperatures (190, 205, and 220 °C) and baking times (9, 12, and 15 min). Effects of baking temperatures and baking times on quality characteristics, colour values, and vitamin contents of fortified cookies were investigated. The processing conditions were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM) to minimise the vitamin losses in cookies. The vitamin losses in the cookies produced at different baking temperatures and baking times were in the range of 1.8–50.0%, 1.6–24.4% and 0.6–11.9% for thiamine, riboflavin and niacin, respectively. Validation studies were also carried out and the results indicated that the equipment and the method were suitable for vitamin B analyses in cookies. Overall, the optimum conditions for minimum vitamin losses were determined as 190 °C baking temperature and 15-min baking time according to RSM.Öğe Mitigation of acrylamide formation during malt processing(Academic Press, 2022) Basinci, Fatma; Mogol, Burce Atac; Guler, Safure; Gokmen, Vural; Köksel, HamitIn this study, addition of asparaginase and glycine were tested for mitigation of acrylamide in roasted malt. Free asparagine and reducing sugars increased during germination of barley. Increasing the roasting temperature increased rate of acrylamide formation and browning in malt. Application of asparaginase (3000 and 4000 ASNU/kg) and glycine (3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm) on green malt before kilning had a limiting effect on acrylamide formation at high roasting temperatures. Acrylamide levels decreased around 32% by application of asparaginase at the level of 4000 ASNU/kg. Acrylamide levels decreased around 22% by the application of glycine at the level of 5000 ppm. With the application of enzyme and glycine in combination, the decrease in acrylamide was around 50%. The colour of dark roasted malt samples was not affected from asparaginase treatment; however, application of glycine caused darker colour, probably due to the increased rate of the Maillard reaction. Overall, the results indicated that dark roasted malts with significantly lower acrylamide content can be produced by using asparaginase and glycine treatments. © 2022Öğe Multi-elemental analysis of flour types and breads by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(Science Direct, 2020) Akin, P.A.; Sezer, B.; Sanal, T.; Apaydin, H.; Köksel, Hamit; Boyaci, İ.H.Bread and flour are most commonly used products in human diet, which makes it susceptible to adulteration, mislabeling and addition of unpermitted amount of different flour types. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of employing laser induced breakdown spectroscopy to differentiate different flour types and quantify the white wheat flour addition to rye and oat flour and breads. In the principal component analysis, score plot represents pure flour types with 97.64% of the variance. In the calibration study, the measured coefficient of determination values was 0.989, 0.989, 0.992 and 0.991 for refined wheat flour: rye flour, refined wheat flour: oat flour, breads made with the blend of refined wheat: rye flour and the blend of refined wheat: oat flour, respectively. The limit of detection values were calculated as 3.82, 5.97, 4.59 and 4.92% for refined wheat flour: rye flour, refined wheat flour: oat flour, refined wheat: rye bread and refined wheat: oat bread, respectively.Öğe A novel approach for rapid discrimination of common and durum wheat flours using spectroscopic analyses combined with chemometrics(Academic Press, 2021) Unuvar, A.; Boyaci, Ismail Hakki; Köksel, HamitSpectroscopic methods were used in this study for the discrimination of durum and common wheat samples since they are rapid, reliable, easy to use, low cost, environmentally friendly, and non-destructive. For this purpose, 120 common and 119 durum wheat samples with different genotypes were collected from various regions in Turkey and analysed using Raman spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Data analysis was performed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). These spectroscopic tools, combined with chemometric analysis, were generally successful in distinguishing common and durum wheat flour samples. It was found that the best method was SFS with a discrimination rate of 100% based on high sensitivity (1.000) and specificity (1.000) values. The effectiveness of the models in which NIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies were used was found to be highly similar in terms of the discrimination of durum and common wheat samples. Data obtained from Raman Spectroscopy demonstrated that the method was less sensitive in discriminating between common and durum wheat flour samples than the other spectroscopic techniques with a quite high RMSEP value (0.441). SFS, ATR-FTIR, and NIR spectroscopies proved to be more sensitive and applicable tools than Raman spectroscopy in the discrimination of common and durum wheat samples.Öğe Quality and nutritional characteristics of durum wheats grown in anatolia(2022) Canay, Ferda Unsal; Sanal, Turgay; Köksel, HamitThis study aimed to determine the quality and nutritional characteristics of durum wheat varieties commonly grown in Anatolia and detect changes in nutritional properties due to milling. There were significant differences in hectoliter weight, thousand kernel weight, hardness index, kernel size, ash, protein, beta-carotene contents, and SDS sedimentation values. The correlation between ash and phytic acid contents was significant (r=0.953). Over 60% reduction was observed in semolina samples' phytic acid content compared to wheat. There were significant correlations between TDF and phytic acid contents in the durum wheat and semolina samples. Although the Zn, Fe, P, Ca, and B concentrations of the wheat samples grown in Central Anatolia were higher than those grown in South-eastern Anatolia, there was an opposite trend in their semolina samples. The results might benefit breeders in improving durum wheat's technological and nutritional quality.Öğe Rapid detection of common wheat flour addition to durum wheat flour and pasta using spectroscopic methods and chemometrics(Elsevier, 2023) Unuvar A.; Boyaci I.H.; Yazar S.; Köksel, HamitAttenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIRS), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) combined with chemometrics were used to determine common wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour in durum wheat (Triticum durum) flour and common wheat farina addition to durum wheat pasta. The main objective of this study was to determine the most suitable spectroscopic method(s) to predict adulteration level in flour and pasta. It was found that among the spectroscopic methods tested, ATR-FTIRS had the lowest limit of detection (LOD) values for blended flour (0.68%) and pasta samples (0.49%). The coefficients of determination (R2) values of the prediction curves for ATR-FTIRS were found as 0.900 and 0.903 for flour and pasta samples, respectively. Similarly, R2 for the prediction of NIRS was 0.867 and 0.895 for flour and pasta samples, respectively. Since, NIR spectroscopy is widely used in food industry for quality control, it might have a good potential to detect the adulteration of common wheat flour in durum wheat flour and farina in the durum wheat pasta. SFS demonstrated a weaker predictive ability for low levels of adulteration with its higher root mean square error of prediction (10.750). The study demonstrated that ATR-FTIRS had better specificity and accuracy compared to other spectroscopic methods for the detection of adulteration. © 2022
