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    A Cicada Antimicrobial Peptide, Cryptonin, Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity by Necrosis on Human Melanoma Cells
    (Springer, 2023) Sancar, Serap; Torkay, Gulsah; Can, Tuba
    Antimicrobial peptides are the first defense molecules against various organisms such as bacteria, fungi and are produced by different organisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of an insect antimicrobial peptide, cryptonin isolated from the hemolymph of cicada, Cryptotympana dubia on malignant melanoma cells. Cryptonin decreased the cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner and these effects are more in metastatic cells than in other cell lines. The release of LDH from damaged cells and the detection of HMGB1 in cell culture media after peptide treatment indicated that cryptonin could induce cell necrosis and this cell death may activate an immune response. The peptide also increased the necrotic cell nucleus stained with ethidium bromide. According to reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane depolarization results, the apoptotic effect of the peptide was low in melanoma cells. Although the peptide killed the keratinocytes in vitro, cryptonin or cryptonin- derived peptide may have potential use in the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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    Pulmonary delivery of favipiravir in rats reaches high local concentrations without causing oxidative lung injury or sSystemic side effects
    (MDPI, 2022) Akbal Dağıstan, Özlem; Sevim, Mustafa; Şen, Leyla Semiha; Başarır, Nur Sena; Çulha, Meltem; Ertürk, Aybige; Fael, Hanan; Kaptan, Engin; Sancar, Serap; Mülazımoğlu Durmuşoğlu, Lütfiye; Yeğen, Berrak C; Yıldız Peköz, Ayça
    Favipiravir displays a rapid viral clearance, a high recovery rate and broad therapeutic safety; however, its oral administration was associated with systemic side effects in susceptible patients. Considering that the pulmonary route could provide a high drug concentration, and a safer application with less absorption into systemic circulation, it was aimed to elucidate whether favipiravir delivered via soft-mist inhaler has any deleterious effects on lung, liver and kidney tissues of healthy rats. Wistar albino rats of both sexes (n = 72) were placed in restrainers, and were given either saline or favipiravir (1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg in 1 mL saline) by inhalation within 2 min for 5 consecutive days. On the 6th day, electrocardiographic recording was obtained, and cardiac blood and lung tissues were collected. Favipiravir did not alter cardiac rhythm, blood cell counts, serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, urea or uric acid, and did not cause any significant changes in the pulmonary malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase activity or antioxidant glutathione levels. Our data revealed that pulmonary use of favipiravir via soft-mist inhaler enables a high local concentration compared to plasma without oxidative lung injury or cardiac or hepatorenal dysfunction.