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    Adherence to the United States department of agriculture dietary recommendations pre- and during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic among pregnant women in Arab countries
    (2022) Hoteit, Maha; Hoteit, Reem; Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub; Nasr, Mariane Abou; Obeid, Sara; Fakih, Chadi; El Hajj, Mohamad; Qasrawi, Radwan; Seir, Rania Abu; Allehdan, Sabika; Ismail, Mahmoud Samy; Bookari, Khlood; Arrish, Jamila; Al-Bayyari, Nahla; Tayyem, Reema
    During pregnancy, woman's diet is one of the most preeminent factors affecting mother and child's health. Prior to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, inadequate maternal diet and low adherence to dietary guidelines was reported among pregnant women in the Arab countries. Nowadays, COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is widely discussed among literature. However, there is limited data on the health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-infected pregnant women. This substantially larger group also suffered significant lifestyle changes during the lockdown period. The aim of the study is to characterize dietary patterns, intake and adherence to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) pregnancy guidelines before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arab pregnant women. Using a specially designed questionnaire and using the snowball sampling method, the survey was carried out among a convenient sample of 1,939 pregnant women from five Arab countries. Our study found an increment in the consumption of cereals, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meats, and nuts that occurred during the pandemic compared to the preceding period. Despite this noticeable increase during the pandemic, the Arab pregnant women in this study had significantly lower adherence to the USDA pregnancy guidelines. The daily consumption of almost all food groups was lower than the USDA's daily recommendations, except for fruits intake, which was higher than the daily standard. Demonstrated poor adherence to prenatal USDA dietary guidelines by Arab pregnant women can lead to numerous deficiencies and health risks among their offspring. In conclusion, our study showed that before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, poor adherence to dietary recommendations occurred in a considerable number of Arab pregnant women. The findings emphasize the need for nutritional education and intervention during prenatal visits.
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    Antibiotic resistance knowledge, attitudes, and practices among pharmacists : a cross-sectional study in West Bank, Palestine
    (Hindawi, 2023) Al-Halawa, Diala Abu; Seir, Rania Abu; Qasrawi, Radwan
    Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem worldwide. Dispensing antibiotics without prescription is a major contributing factor to antibiotic resistance. Pharmacists as healthcare providers are, in many studies, considered responsible for this practice. -is study aims to explore Palestinian pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotic resistance. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021–2022. A random sample of 152 pharmacists was selected from the West Bank. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that includes :ve sections: demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and potential interventions. Results indicated that 60% of pharmacists dispense antibiotics without a prescription. A signifcant association between pharmacies’ locality and antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and practices was found. Pharmacists’ knowledge-related responses indicated that 92.1% of the pharmacists agreed that inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to in effective treatment and 86.2% disagreed that patients can stop taking antibiotics upon symptoms’ improvement. Only 17.1% disagreed that antibiotics should always be used to treat upper respiratory tract infections. Over two thirds considered that they are aware of the regulations about antibiotic dispensing and acknowledged that antibiotics are classified as prescription drugs. Furthermore, 71.7% and 53.3% agreed that they have good knowledge of the pharmacological aspects of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Concerning attitudes, 75.6% agreed that antibiotic resistance is an important and serious public health issue facing the world, and 52% thought that antibiotic dispensing without a prescription is a common practice in the West Bank. Our findings indicate that pharmacists’ locality and practices related to antibiotic dispensing without prescription are associated with the increase in antibiotics misuse and bacterial resistance. -ere is a need to design education and training programs and implement legislation in Palestine to decrease antibiotic resistance.
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    Dietary intake and lifestyle practices of eastern mediterranean postpartum women before and during COVID-19 pandemic: An internet-based cross-sectional survey
    (FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2022) Tayyem, Reema; Al-Bayyari, Nahla; Al-Awwad, Narmeen; Abuhijleh, Haya; Hoteit, Reem; Qasrawi, Radwan; Badran, Eman; Basha, Asma; Allehdan, Sabika; Boukari, Khlood; Arrish, Jamila; Seir, Rania Abu; Hoteit, Maha
    BackgroundDuring the lockdown period, a substantial group of these women reported lifestyle changes. AimThe aim of the study is to characterize the dietary patterns, intake and the adherence to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) pregnancy guidelines before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Mediterranean postartum women. MethodsAn internet-based cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data. The survey was carried out among 1,939 postpartum women from five countries from the Eastern Mediterranean region. Change in dietary intake from the five food groups and the adherence to USDA's daily recommendations were assessed. FindingsThere was a significant increase in the mean (SD) consumption of all the food groups, including bread, rice, and other cereals, fruits, vegetables, milk and milk products, white and red meat, and nuts during the pandemic. Around 84% of participants reported no/low adherence (0-2) to USDA guidelines, whereas only 15% reported moderate or high adherence (3-5) to the guidelines before the pandemic. However, there was an increase in the proportion of subjects reporting moderate/high adherence (22%) during the pandemic. Discussion and conclusionsA substantial proportion of our study participants reported a lower dietary intake than the recommended amounts, and low adherence to the five food groups. Reasonable and applicable actions should be taken to protect postpartum women and their children from the effects of low dietary intake, particularly during pandemics and lockdowns. More researches are needed to identify the modifiable factors which could improve the nutritional status of the postpartum women during the pandemic.