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    Applying quality by design approach for the determination of potent paclitaxel loaded poly(lactic acid) based implants for localized tumor drug delivery
    (Taylor and Francis, 2022) Özcan Bülbül, Ece; Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan; Mısırlı, Duygu; Cevher, Erdal; Tsanaktsis, Vasilios; Bingöl Özakpınar, Özlem; Siafaka, Panoraia I.
    In the present study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) under the framework of quality by design, were blended to produce effective sustained-release matrices for Paclitaxel delivery. A complete physicochemical characterization including weight variation, thickness, water uptake, moisture absorption, moisture loss, and hydrolytic degradation under physiological conditions, was performed. Quality by design approach was applied to study the critical parameters. In vitro cancer toxicity was studied in human cancer cell lines including lung and breast adenocarcinoma. The developed Paclitaxel-loaded films can act as a promising alternative topical matrix as an implant for breast and lung cancer treatment. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    Current status of mucoadhesive gel systems for buccal drug delivery
    (Bentham Science, 2021) Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan; Özcan Bülbül, Ece; Yağcılar, Ayşe Pınar; Siafaka, Panoraia I.
    Background: Buccal drug delivery is a fascinating research field. Gel-based formulations present potent characteristics as buccal systems since they have great physicochemical properties. Methods: Among the various gels, in situ gels that are viscous colloidal systems consisted of polymers when physiological conditions change (pH, temperature, ion activation) shift to the gel phase. These systems can improve bioavailability. Other systems such as nanogels or emulgels can be also applied for buccal delivery with promising results. Polymeric gel-based systems can be produced by natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymers. Their main advantage is that the active molecules can be released in a sustained and controllable manner. Several gels based on chitosan are produced for the entrapment of drugs demonstrating efficient retention time and bioavailability, due to chitosan mucoadhesion. Besides polysaccharides, poloxamers and Carbopol are also used in buccal gels due to their high swelling ability and reversed thermal gelation behavior. Results: Herein, the authors focused on the current development of mucoadhesive gel systems used in buccal drug delivery. After explaining buccal drug delivery and mucoadhesion, various studies with hydrogels, in situ gels, and nanogels were analyzed as buccal gel systems. Various mucoadhesive gel studies with mucoadhesive polymers have been studied and summarized. This review is presented as valuable guidance to scientists in formulating buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Conclusions: This review aimed to assist researchers working on buccal drug delivery by summarizing buccal drug delivery, mucoadhesion, and buccal mucoadhesive gel systems recently found in the literature.
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    Delivering active molecules to the eye; the concept of electrospinning as potent tool for drug delivery systems
    (Elsevier, 2023) Siafaka, Panoraia I.; Bulbul, Ece Ozcan; Miliotou, Androulla N.; Karantas, Ioannis D.; Okur, Mehmet Evren; Okur, Neslihan Ustundag
    Ocular drug delivery is a challenging but fascinating topical route of administration. Although the eye is easily accessible to common drug formulations such as drops, its complex structure presents main obstacles to successfully deliver drugs. Low ocular bioavailability due to pre-corneal fluid and gravity drainage limits the efficacy of the products. Therefore, researchers have proposed various drug delivery systems synthesized by biomaterials, mostly polymers, which can deliver active ingredients to the ocular surface and remain for longer period. Such systems as electrospun fibrous structures resembling the extracellular matrix can embed various therapeutic molecules aiming to target eye diseases. The electrospun matrices, which can be used as inserts or implants, offer biocompatibility, biodegradability, and good mechanical properties. At the same time, they can be molded into different shapes and textures, significant features for ocular delivery. Over the last decades, the electrospinning process has offered many advancements in tissue engineering and drug delivery fields; however, the clinical translation of the electrospun fibrous matrices is still in the embryonic stages. This review article focuses on the recent therapeutic applications of ocular fibrous systems as potent drug delivery tools. In addition, authors have categorized the electrospun matrices according to the target eye disease, such as glaucoma, ocular infections, and other eye diseases.
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    Nano-based carriers for pulmonary drug delivery: A review on the available drug delivery applications and toxicity issues
    (Elsevier, 2024) Siafaka, Panoraia I.; Bulbul, Ece Ozcan; Miliotou, Androulla N.; Karantas, Ioannis D.; Okur, Mehmet Evren; Okur, Neslihan Ustundag
    In the last decade, nanocarriers have been widely used to target specific organs and disorders of any kind. Nonetheless, the commercialization of nanocarriers for many disorders have not been finalized; toxicity matters, materials which have not granted approval by regular authorities, or unavailability of clinical studies are some of the issues which the researchers should overcome to force the marketing of nanoparticles. Pulmonary diseases affect million people worldwide, in example, pulmonary infections, malignancies, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are among the most frequent. It has been reported that the local administration of drugs to lungs via inhalers can solve the most side effects arouse by per os or intravenous delivery. Therefore, in this review the current state of drug delivery nanosized carriers which can be applied via inhalation are discussed and analyzed. Moreover, the possible toxicity issues due to their small size or materials used for the preparation of such nanocarriers are being discussed. It was performed a thorough literature research based on databases as PubMed (R) and ScienceDirect (R) by using nanocarriers, pulmonary, lung disorders, inhalation, toxicity as keywords. According to our inclusion criteria, studies including the previous terms, focusing on nanoparticles that can be applied for lung disorders management, were added. From our point of view, this bibliographic analysis can enhance the present knowledge of researchers for inhalable nanostructures, targeting pulmonary diseases.
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    Traditional and advanced wound dressings: physical characterization and desirable properties for wound healing
    (Elsevier, 2022) Özcan Bülbül, Ece; Okur, Mehmet Evren; Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan; Siafaka, Panoraia I.
    Traditional and advanced wound dressings: physical characterization and desirable properties for wound healing
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    An updated review for the diabetic wound healing systems
    (Bentham Science, 2021) Okur, Mehmet Evren; Özcan Bülbül, Ece; Mutlu, Gökçe; Eleftheriadou, Kalliopi; Karantas, Ioannis D.; Üstündağ Okur, Neslihan; Siafaka, Panoraia I.
    Background & objective: Diabetes is a global health problem associated with millions of deaths; the most common of diabetes complications is that wounds of diabetic patients tend to heal more slowly or non-healed at all, leading to undesirable facts. Diabetic wounds if become chronic and infected could provoke lower extremities amputation, sepsis even death. Hence, early detection, careful examination, debridement, cleaning, and prevention or controlling the infection of diabetic wounds are important factors for the successful outcome of the case. During the years, various promising wound dressings incorporating antimicrobial molecules, growth factors, and wound healing agents have been developed, targeting diabetic wounds. Nonetheless, the choice of dressing is mainly based on the experience of each clinician. Summary: This review summarizes the main points of diabetes complications, diabetic wounds, and infections. In further, an overview of the current drug delivery systems for topical wound delivery of various active ingredients has been performed. This update could be helpful for scientists and especially clinicians who desire to plan and work with new strategies for the healing of diabetic wounds.