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    A Cicada Antimicrobial Peptide, Cryptonin, Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity by Necrosis on Human Melanoma Cells
    (Springer, 2023) Sancar, Serap; Torkay, Gulsah; Can, Tuba
    Antimicrobial peptides are the first defense molecules against various organisms such as bacteria, fungi and are produced by different organisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of an insect antimicrobial peptide, cryptonin isolated from the hemolymph of cicada, Cryptotympana dubia on malignant melanoma cells. Cryptonin decreased the cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner and these effects are more in metastatic cells than in other cell lines. The release of LDH from damaged cells and the detection of HMGB1 in cell culture media after peptide treatment indicated that cryptonin could induce cell necrosis and this cell death may activate an immune response. The peptide also increased the necrotic cell nucleus stained with ethidium bromide. According to reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane depolarization results, the apoptotic effect of the peptide was low in melanoma cells. Although the peptide killed the keratinocytes in vitro, cryptonin or cryptonin- derived peptide may have potential use in the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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    A Comprehensive Study on Peppermint Oil and Cinnamon Oil as Nanoemulsion: Preparation, Stability, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activity
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2024) Ozakar, Emrah; Alparslan, Levent; Adiguzel, M. Cemal; Torkay, Gulsah; Baran, Alper; Bal-ozturk, Ayca; Sevinc-ozakar, Rukiye
    Background Recent studies have shown that nanoemulsions prepared with essential oils have significant antimicrobial potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens due to increased chemical stability. Nanoemulsion also promotes controlled and sustained release, which increases their bioavailability and efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria.Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity properties of cinnamon essential oil and peppermint essential oil as nanoemulsions compared to pure forms. For this purpose, analyses of the selected stable nanoemulsions were carried out.Methods The droplet sizes and zeta potentials of peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions and cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions were found to be 154.6 +/- 1.42 nm and -17.1 +/- 0.68 mV and 200.3 +/- 4.71 nm and -20.0 +/- 0.81 mV, respectively. Although the amount of essential oil used in nanoemulsions was 25% w/w, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were found to be more effective compared to pure essential oils.Results In cytotoxicity studies on the 3T3 cell line, both essential oil nanoemulsions showed higher cell viability than pure essential oils. At the same time, cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions exhibited a higher antioxidant property than peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions and showed superiority in the antimicrobial susceptibility test conducted against four bacteria and two fungi. Cell viability tests determined that cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions showed considerably higher cell viability compared to pure cinnamon essential oil.Conclusion These findings indicated that the prepared nanoemulsions in the current study might positively influence the dosing regimen and clinical outcomes of antibiotic therapy.
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    Gellan gum/guar gum films incorporated with honey as potential wound dressings
    (Springer, 2024) Bal-Ozturk, Ayca; Torkay, Gulsah; Idil, Neslihan; Ozkahraman, Bengi; Ozbas, Zehra
    In this article, the solvent casting technique was used to prepare wound dressing films based on honey incorporated gellan gum and guar gum biopolymers, and presented the effect of the honey concentration (in the range of 0-10 g on each film). The film structures were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The physical properties of the films were investigated by swelling, degradation, mechanical tests, and water vapor transmission rate. The swelling capacity of the films decreased with an increase in the honey amount, and the presence of honey increased the degradation percentage of the films. The incorporation of honey significantly enhanced the tensile strength of the film, and the increase in honey concentration caused a decrease in the water vapor transmission rate values. The antioxidant activity of the films was determined by DPPH assay, and the films showed good antioxidant abilities. The biocompatibility of the films was evaluated by using an MTT assay with biofilm extract against human skin fibroblast cells, and the wound healing activity of the films was evaluated via in vitro scratch assay. The obtained outcomes showed that the synthesized non-cytotoxic and biocompatible films supported cell migration and proliferation.
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    Injectable and self-healing dual crosslinked gelatin/kappa-carrageenan methacryloyl hybrid hydrogels via host-guest supramolecular interaction for wound healing
    (Wiley, 2023) Yilmaz-Aykut, Dilara; Torkay, Gulsah; Kasgoz, Alper; Shin, Su Ryon; Bal-Ozturk, Ayca; Deligoz, Huseyin
    Injectable hydrogels based on natural polymers have shown great potential for various tissue engineering applications, such as wound healing. However, poor mechanical properties and weak self-healing ability are still major challenges. In this work, we introduce a host-guest (HG) supramolecular interaction between acrylate-beta-cyclodextrin (Ac-beta-CD) conjugated on methacrylated kappa-carrageenan (MA-kappa-CA) and aromatic residues on gelatin to provide self-healing characteristics. We synthesize an MA-kappa-CA to conjugate Ac-beta-CD and fabricate dual crosslinked hybrid hydrogels with gelatin to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM). The dual crosslinking occurs on the MA-kappa-CA backbone through the addition of KCl and photocrosslinking process, which enhances mechanical strength and stability. The hybrid hydrogels exhibit shear-thinning, self-healing, and injectable behavior, which apply easily under a minimally invasive manner and contribute to shear stress during the injection. Invitro studies indicate enhanced cell viability. Furthermore, scratch assays are performed to examine cell migration and cell-cell interaction. It is envisioned that the combination of self-healing and injectable dual crosslinked hybrid hydrogels with HG interactions display a promising and functional biomaterial platform for wound healing applications.
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    Microwave-assisted hydrothermal green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles incorporated with hyaluronic acid methacrylate/gelatin methacrylate hydrogels for wound healing applications
    (Wiley, 2024) Nejati, Omid; Tisli, Busra; Yasayan, Gokcen; Zaman, Buse Tugba; Torkay, Gulsah; Donmez, Mustafa; Kayin, Inci
    Wound healing is a topic of significant interest in current times, owing to the escalating incidence of chronic diseases associated with impaired healing, as well as the growing number of elderly individuals within the population. Amongst the various approaches for fabrication of wound healing dressings, the utilization of selenium-based nanoparticles has garnered considerable attention due to selenium's numerous advantages, including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. With this perspective, we focused on the fabrication and characterization of hydrogels incorporated with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). In this work, we have developed a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis strategy for synthesis of the SeNPs that employ non-toxic precursors, thereby reducing the risk of environmental toxicity and providing a cost-effective alternative to conventional chemical and hydrothermal methods. Subsequently, we have successfully incorporated SeNPs into hyaluronic acid methacrylate/gelatin methacrylate-based hydrogels. Hyaluronic acid and gelatin are selected to support the healing process further, and these polymers are methacrylated in order to further control mechanical properties of the hydrogel and improve the stability of the dressing. The nanoparticles and the nanoparticle-incorporated hydrogels were characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering instruments. Mechanical behaviors, swelling and degradation properties of the dressings were evaluated. Afterwards, we have conducted cell culture studies with SeNPs-loaded hydrogels to determine the efficacy of SeNPs in wound healing. According to experimental findings, in vitro scratch assay suggests that a hydrogel dressing containing SeNPs (HG-SeNp2) support the cell migration more compared to other samples incorporated with nanoparticles and to the control study at 24 h, and the wound closure percentage was found to be statistically significant compared with the control study. This dressing hold promise as effective wound dressings that can facilitate and expedite the process of wound healing.