Psikoloji Bölümü Makale Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/140

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Evaluating the Effect of Applying Cathodal tDCS to the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Visual Working Memory
(Istanbul University Press, 2024) Öksüz, Yunus Emre; Eskikurt, Gökçer
Objective: Contemporary research has studied non-invasive brain stimulation modalities regarding their impact on various cognitive functions, particularly in the areas of learning and memory. Studies are being pursued to delve into the manipulation of these cognitive facets through this methodology. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of application of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), on visual working memory. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of two separate groups, an active and a sham group, in which a total of 42 university students participated. Two mA cathodal direct current was applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. To measure visual working memory, the study applied a visual 1-back task consisting of Chinese letters before and after tDCS and compared the obtained data. Results: The study observed significant differences between the active and sham groups, with the active group having an increased number of omissions, a decreased number of correct responses, and prolonged response times. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed the suppressive effect of cathodal tDCS on visual working memory. Studies in the literature revealed various results regarding the contributions of left and right DLPFC on working memory. The findings of this study showed that right DLPFC also has an effect on visual working memory. © 2024, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved.
Earthquake fear and flourishing: serial mediation of meaningful living and psychological adjustment
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Okur, Sinan; Karaağac, Zahide Gül; Yılmaz, Fatma Betül; Kütük, Hasan; Satıcı, Seydi Ahmet
The earthquake fear seriously influences the psychological wellbeing of individuals. It is necessary to explain in more detail the nature of the link between earthquake fear and flourishing. In this context, the purpose of this study is to examine the serial mediator role of meaningful living and psychological adjustment in the relationship between earthquake fear and flourishing. The sample consisted of 401 individuals (81.8% females, Mage = 24.36, SD = 5.30). Participants completed four scales measuring earthquake fear, flourishing, meaningful living, and psychological adjustment. The results of the correlation analysis demonstrated significant relationships between these variables. In addition, structural equation modelling revealed that meaningful living and psychological adjustment have a serial mediating role in the relationship between earthquake fear and flourishing. These findings prove the relationship between earthquake fear and mental health.
Depression and Anxiety among Low and Middle-Income Turkish Women: The Roles of Coping, and Personal and Environmental Resources
(15.08.2024) Gökçek, Vahide Ulusoy; Temiz, Zahide Tepeli
Introduction: Psychosocial theory of mental well-being suggests that coping, socioeconomic status, environmental resources such as perceived and received social support, and personal resources such as self-efficacy can be related to psychological well-being. The current study aims to discuss differences in well-being and psychological resources of Turkish women with low and mid- dle-income. It also aims to examine the differences among low- er-income women’s well-being according to receiving non-govern- mental organization (NGO) support. Finally, it studies the link between income level, self-efficacy, perceived social support, ways of coping with stress, depression, and anxiety among Turkish women with different income levels. Method: Out of 129 women participated in the study (Mage = 39.12), 60 are with middle-in- come, and 69 are with low-income. Twenty-eight of those with low income receive NGO support. Results: Findings indicates that middle-income women are coping more effectively and have high- er perceived social support, while low-income women significantly report more depressive symptoms. Low-income women with NGO support report more symptoms, perceive less social support, and are coping less effectively than women without NGO support. Hi- erarchical regression analysis reveals that coping styles, self-ef- ficacy, income level, and perceived social support are associated with depression. Moreover, coping styles and perceived social sup- port are related to anxiety. Conclusion: Personal resources like coping and self-efficacy seem to be the most significant predictors of depression and anxiety. However, poverty is still a serious envi- ronmental risk to well-being.
Egzersizin beyin üzerindeki etkilerinin biyopsikoloji açısından değerlendirilmesi
(İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, 30 Haziran 2022) Bayram, Ülkü Ayşe
Düzenli, planlı ve programlı bir formda yürütülen fiziksel hareket ve aktiviteler egzersiz olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tarih boyunca fiziksel aktivite ve ruh sağlığı arasındaki ilişki araştırılmış ve bunların birbirini etkilediği çalışmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Düzenli yapılan egzersizin biyolojik sağlık ve psikolojik iyi oluşa oldukça etkili katkılar sağladığı görülmüştür. Günümüz dijital toplum yapısında, fiziksel aktivite sınırlılıkları ve pandemi gerçeğinde, fiziksel egzersizin ihmal edilmemesi gereken çok önemli bir unsur olduğu araştırmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Günlük egzersiz programlarının; beynimiz üzerinde gençleştirici etkiye sahip olduğu, egzersizle birlikte çocukluktan yaşlılığa kadar olan dönemde bilişsel performansın arttığı bilinmektedir. Egzersizin zamanla ruh halini düzenlemede etkili olduğu, iyi oluş halini artırdığı belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, egzersize ait fiziksel form ile zihinsel formun birbiri ile doğru orantılı olduğuna yönelik birçok çalışma, bize; egzersiz yapmanın beyin üzerindeki etkilerinin ne denli önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, moleküler-hücresel hayvan araştırmaları ve birçok sinirbilim çalışmalarında, uzun süreli düzenli egzersizin prefrontal korteksinizin kontrolünde bulunan dikkat ve odaklanma gibi bilişsel fonksiyonları geliştirdiği, ağrı hissini azalttığı ve mutluluk hormonu salgısını artırdığı görülmüştür. Bugün belirli psikiyatrik-psikolojik hastalıkların tedavi ve rehabilitasyonu için tanımlanmış veya ortak platformlarda kabul edilmiş rutin egzersiz programlarının veya iyileştirici tedavi reçetelerin oluşmamış olmasının temel nedeni, bu konuda yeterli sayıda çalışmanın yapılmamış olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın literatürde başlayan farkındalığa katkı sağlayabileceği ve özellikle de alanda yeni çalışmaya başlayan kişilere yol gösterici olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Düzeltme: erratum to "the burnout levels of caregivers and caregiver burden of the patients with declined active participation in the community mental health center during the covid-19 pandemic"
(Rabia Yılmaz, 22 Mart 2023) Yılmaz, Seda
Aim: This study aimed to compare the burnout and caregiver burden in caregivers during Covid-19 due to the decrease in patient participation in the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) and the inability to accept patients for a while before the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Caregivers of 47 patients registered to CMHC were included in this study. The first interview for this study was held in January 2020, before the start of the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. The second interview was held in June 2021, after the start of the COVID -19 pandemic and thus lockdown and restrictions. Sociodemographic data form, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were applied to caregivers. Results: The findings obtained in the second interview showed that Maslach Burnout Inventory (p<0.001) and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (p<0.001) total scores were significantly higher, and the increase in burnout level was higher in those with low education levels and those who did not work (p<0.05). Also, the increase in burnout level and caregiver burden was higher in those with low income, caregivers for a longer time, those with low drug compliance, and those with a history of Covid-19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the increasing burnout and caregiver burden of the caregivers of patients who could not actively participate in TRSM activities due to the measures taken for social isolation supported the importance of TRSM services.
Investigation of the Effect of Attachment and Some Important Psychiatric Clinical Entities on the Relationship Between Covid 19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Distrust in Vaccines
(Anadolu Psikoterapi Derneği, 29 Aralık 2022) Gıca, Şakir; Altunbek, Hanife Başak; Karaca, Sena; Şahingöz, Mine; Tanrıverdi, Esra Çınar
Objective: The aim of present study is to investigate the relationship between distrust of vaccines, which was found to be highly associated with COVID-19 anti-vaccine, and some psychiatric conditions such as attachment, anxiety, hostility, and psychoticism. Methods: 462 adult participants were included in the study. A sociodemographic data form including questions on information about COVID-19 was filled by the participants. In addition, the participants were evaluated with the anxiety, obsessive-compulsive(OCD) and hostility subscale of the Symptom Check List – Revised 90 (SCL-90 R) scale and the Adults Attachment Style Scale (AASS). Results: In logistic regression analysis, it was shown that concern about COVID-19 vaccines safety was effective on intention to be vaccinated (x2=228.667; N= 462; df=1; p<0.01). The relationship between believing COVID-19 vaccines safety and intention to get vaccinated is moderated by anxious/ambivalence attachment style, anxiety level, hostility and number of children. Conclusion: In conclusion, anxious-avoidant attachment, anxiety level, hostility and number of children had moderate effect on the relationship between the safety concerns of vaccines and the intention to be vaccinated. Vaccine persuasion studies should focus on individual studies after public information.
The Views of Undergraduate Students and Faculty Members: Distance Education during COVID-19 Pandemic
(Bülent Dilmaç, 30 Nisan 2023) Ülgen, Margörit Rita Krespi; Altunbek, Hanife Başak; Olgun, Abdullah
This study aimed to examine the views of undergraduate students studying in and their faculty members teaching in distance education during COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 35 undergraduate students and 34 faculty members. The 'typical case sampling' method was used for selection of participants from different faculties of a foundation trust university in Türkiye. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation (until no new information was obtained from participants). Data was collected through online focus group interviews. Data was analyzed inductively by repetitive data collection cycles, data coding with multi-step processes and comparative analysis. Findings revealed negative, neutral and positive metaphors which described distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, these metaphors indicated the existence of a continuum in the form of three higher order categories including the Experience of Loss, Transformation and Neutrality under which a number of themes and sub-themes were present. The present findings present a user-derived evidence base for improving distance education and therefore these findings could be considered as targets for systems aiming at improving distance education that would be delivered in the future in similar difficult circumstances.
The Corpus Callosum in Schizoaffective Disorder: A Shape Analysis Study
(Marmara University, 30 Eylül 2024) Gül, Özlem; Baykara, Sema; Namlı, Mustafa Nuray; Baykara, Murat
Objective: The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure in the human brain that connects the cortical regions of both hemispheres. Diseases could lead to degenerative alterations in brain structures such as the corpus callosum (CC). Studies have associated CC abnormalities with Schizoaffective Disorder (SAD) symptoms. We predicted that there may be differences in the CC, an important structure connecting the two halves of the brain, in patients with SAD. The present study aims to analyze the CC of patients with statistical shape analysis (SSA) and compare the findings with healthy controls. Methods: Thirty-nine SAD patients and 39 healthy individuals (11 females and 28 males) of similar age that included subjects participated in the study. CC landmarks were marked on the mid-sagittal images of each participant. The mean ‘Procrustes’ point was determined, and shape deformations were analyzed with thin plate spline analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed between the shapes of CC in the two groups, and maximum CC deformation was observed in the posterior regions of SAD patients. There was no significant difference between the CC area of the SAD patients and the controls. Conclusion: In the present study, the maximum deformation was observed in the posterior region (isthmus and splenium) and the rostrum of the CC. The first CC region, the rostrum (+genu), connects prefrontal and premotor regions, which are associated with cognitive information (landmarks = 1, 7, 8, 9, 13, 15, and 12). The second area, the splenium, connects temporal and occipital cortical areas. These predominantly have auditory, peripheral, and central visual stimulation functions (landmarks = 5, 3, and 4). The current study could assist future studies on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of SAD.
Healthcare Workers' Irrational Beliefs and Anxiety and Depression Levels During the Covid-19 Pandemic
(Psikoterapi Enstitüsü, 29 Temmuz 2024) Tunç, Pervin; Orhan, Benazir
Objectives: The beliefs or irrational beliefs impact the way individuals react or adapt to a threatening situation like the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assesses the relationship between healthcare workers' irrational beliefs, depression, and anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Metods: This study was designed as a quantitative study that used the Shortened General Attitude and Belief Scale (SGABS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to 212 healthcare workers. The collected data was subjected to t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses. Results: The study found that male participants had significantly higher levels of Devaluation of Others / irrational beliefs, while females and unmarried individuals had significantly higher levels of anxiety. Additionally, there was a predictive effect of Irrational Beliefs / need for comfort and female gender factor on anxiety levels, and a predictive effect of Irrational Beliefs / need for comfort and age factor on depression levels. Conclusion: The results indicate the need to assess healthcare workers' irrational beliefs, depression, and anxiety levels and suggest that assessment can guide the development of potential interventions.
Factors Associated with Acute Stress Among Undergraduate and Graduate Students after the First Month of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Anxiety Sensitivity, Fear of Covid-19, Sex
(Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi, 30 Haziran 2023) Cankardaş, Sinem; Ildırım, Ezgi; Tınaz, Pınar
As with any life-threatening event, the Covid-19 outbreak causes people to have emotional reactions such as fear and anxiety. Understanding people’s emotional responses to the pandemic is important to understand mental health results. This study investigated the relationships between the levels of acute stress disorder symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, and fear of coronavirus. Data for this aim was collected from university students between the ages of 18 and 55 through an online research form. Data was collected between 23 April 2020 and 29 May 2020. Analysis of 739 participants showed that 67.9% of the participants had symptoms of acute stress ranging from moderate to extreme. It was also observed that anxiety sensitivity, fear of coronavirus, and sex explained 31.0% of the variance in acute stress symptom levels. Also, it was observed that the fear of coronavirus was higher in women than in men. The results point out that support systems that aid psychological well-being such as accessible online psychological help, and online social support groups have great importance during and after the pandemic. It has been thought that it may be beneficial to develop intervention programs targeting anxiety sensitivity to prevent trauma symptoms.
The burnout levels of caregivers and caregiver burden of the patients with declined active participation in the community mental health center during the covid-19 pandemic
(Rabia Yılmaz, 30 Kasım 2022) Yılmaz, Seda
Aim: This study aimed to compare the burnout and caregiver burden in caregivers during Covid-19 due to the decrease in patient participation in the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) and the inability to accept patients for a while before the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Caregivers of 47 patients registered to CMHC were included in this study. The first interview for this study was held in January 2020, before the start of the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. The second interview was held in June 2021, after the start of the COVID -19 pandemic and thus lockdown and restrictions. Sociodemographic data form, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were applied to caregivers. Results: The findings obtained in the second interview showed that Maslach Burnout Inventory (p<0.001) and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (p<0.001) total scores were significantly higher, and the increase in burnout level was higher in those with low education levels and those who did not work (p<0.05). Also, the increase in burnout level and caregiver burden was higher in those with low income, caregivers for a longer time, those with low drug compliance, and those with a history of Covid-19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the increasing burnout and caregiver burden of the caregivers of patients who could not actively participate in TRSM activities due to the measures taken for social isolation supported the importance of TRSM services.
Examining the relationship among parental-reported problems, self-reported problems, and psychiatric diagnosis in children and adolescents
(İdeal Kent Yayınları, 2 Aralık 2024) Yılmaz ,Fatma Betül; Başgül ,Şaziye Senem
The study aims to investigate the relationship among psychiatric diagnosis, parental reported problems, and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV) results of children. The sample of the study consisted of 78 children and adolescents (36 girls and 42 boys), and statistical analyses were made using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Relationships identified between the following pairs: worry problems with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), distraction problems with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), hyperactivity problems with Tic and Tourette's Syndrome, obsession problems with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), unhappiness with Major Depressive Disorder or dysthymia, and avoidance of communication with autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, when examining the relationship between psychiatric diagnoses and diagnoses according to the RCADS-CV, we found other connections, such as the psychiatric diagnosis of separation anxiety and RCADS-CV separation anxiety, as well as the psychiatric diagnosis of separation anxiety and RCADS-CV social phobia. Lastly, when investigating the relationship between parentally reported problems and RCADS-CV diagnoses, several associations emerged, including the connection between obsession problems and RCADS-CV OCD diagnosis, relationship problems and RCADS-CV’s OCD diagnosis, unhappiness problems, and RCADS-CV’s depression diagnosis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a substantial overlap among parentally reported problems, psychiatric diagnoses, and diagnoses based on RCADS-CV.
Erişkin dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu için diyalektik davranış terapisi: Bir narativ derleme
(DergiPark, 2022) Ulusoy Gökçek, Vahide; Bilican, F. Işıl
DEHB’li yetişkinlerin çok yönlü psikososyal problemleri ve eğitim, iş, aile hayatı gibi farklı alanlarda görülen düşük işlevsellik düzeyleri nedeniyle farmakolojik yaklaşım dışında psikoterapötik tedavi arayışları son on yılda artış göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada Diyalektik Davranış Terapisi (DDT) temelli müdahalelerin sınandığı kontrollü çalışmaların ve geliştirilen DDT müdahalelerinin klinik anlamda katkılarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma nitel bir naratif derlemedir. Çalışmaya DDT ve Erişkin DEHB anahtar kelimelerinin İngilizce karşılıklarının Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct ve EBSCO Psychology&Behavioral Sciences Collection veritabanlarında 2021 yılına kadar taranmasıyla ulaşılan kontrollü çalışmalar dahil edilmiştir. Toplam 12 tane araştırma makalesi ve 1 kısa rapor tespit edilmiş ancak dahil etme kriterlerini ve kontrollü çalışma şartlarını yalnızca 9 çalışma karşılamıştır. Tüm çalışmalarda DDT’nin beceri eğitiminin kullanıldığı veya uyarlandığı görülmüştür. Derlemede incelenen çalışmaların sonuçları tutarlı olmamakla birlikte DDT Beceri Eğitimi’nin yetişkinlerin DEHB belirtilerini kontrol etmede ve diğer psikososyal becerilerini artırmada umut vaad ettiğini göstermektedir. Ancak çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olması nedeniyle DDT Beceri Eğitimi’nin etkililiğine yönelik farklı deneysel araştırma desenlerinde daha fazla kontrollü çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Altered resting state functional connectivity and its correlation with cognitive functions at ultra high risk psychosis
(2022) Bülbül, Öznur; Kurt, Elif; Ulaşoğlu-Yıldız, Çiğdem; Demiralp, Tamer; Üçok, Alp
The aim of this study is to identify robust resting state-functional connectivity (rs-FC) alterations and their correlations with the neuropsychological characteristics of Ultra-High Risk (UHR) for psychosis subjects compared to healthy controls (HCs). Twenty individuals with UHR and sixteen HCs underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and a cognitive battery evaluating attention, episodic memory and executive functions. Compared to HCs, UHR individuals showed working memory and set-shifting impairments. In functional connectivity (FC) analyses, the Default Mode Network (DMN) of the UHR subjects displayed increased FC with the visual areas and decreased FC with the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). Additionally, the salience network (SN) of the UHR subjects displayed increased connectivity with wide posterior cortical areas in the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, corresponding to posterior nodes of the SN itself, the Somato-Motor Network (SMN) and the DAN. The SN connectivity with the left SMN and DAN was positively correlated with the Trail Making Test - B scores of the UHR subjects. These findings show that the SN and DMN, which mostly show abnormal connectivity patterns in psychosis, are also affected in UHR subjects, while the SN plays a more central role with its hyperconnectivity to the DAN and SMN.
Frontal theta response in parkinson's disease during auditory and visual cognitive paradigms
(Science Direct, 2018) Yıldırım, E.; Hanoğlu, L.; Aktürk, T.; Helvacı Yılmaz, N.; Uysal Kaba, Reyyan; Rusen, E.; Güntekin, B.
Introduction: Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s disease could occur by the progression of the disease. Event-related theta responses in the frontal region is strongly connected with cognitive processes. Increase of theta response during increased cognitive load is a robust finding. The decrease theta phase-locking and theta power was found in the patient groups which had cognitive decline. The aim of the present study is to investigate the event-related theta responses in Parkinson Patients with and without cognitive deficits during auditory and visual cognitive paradigms. Methods: Three different group of Parkinson’s disease patients were included in the study. 15 PD patients without cognitive deficits, 23 PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 11 PD patients with dementia, and 18 aged-matched healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. The mean of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores was 28,00±1,25 for the HC group, 26,80±1,90 for the PD group, 22,56±5,32 for the PD-MCI group, and 18,82±3,74 for the PD-Dementia group. EEG was recorded at 8 different frontal locations (F3-F4, F7-F8, FC3-FC4, and FT7-FT8). Auditory and visual oddball paradigms were applied during EEG recordings. Phase-locking analysis (Inter-trial coherence) and event related power spectrum were analyzed for theta (4-7 Hz) frequency band for all subject groups for both “target” and non-target” stimulations. Results: In accordance with the previous studies target stimulation elicited higher theta phase-locking and theta power than the non-target stimulation (p<0.05 for both comparisons). Group difference were significant, HC group had higher theta phase-locking and theta power than the PD-MCI group and PD-Dementia group. Furthermore, PD group had higher theta phase locking and theta power than the PD-Dementia group. There were no difference, between HC group and PD group and between PD-MCI group and PD-Dementia group. Discussion: The present study once more showed the essential role of frontal theta response during cognitive processes. Frontal theta responses were increased during “target “stimulation both in auditory and visual oddball paradigms. PD patients with cognitive deficits (both PD-MCI and PD-Dementia) had reduced frontal theta response in comparison to healthy controls. Furthermore, PD patients with dementia had reduced frontal theta response in comparison to PD patients without cognitive deficits.
EEG theta and alpha responses in patients with parkinson's disease with and without hallucinations
(Science Direct, 2018) Güntekin, B.; Yıldırım, E.; Aktürk, T.; Helvacı Yılmaz, N.; Uysal Kaba, R.; Rusen, E.; Özer, F.; Hanoğlu, L.
Hallucinations in Parkinson ‘s disease (PD) could affect about one-quarter of the patients. There are limited studies on how the hallucinations effect cognitive states of the patients with Parkinson’s disease.
The cognitive dynamics of small-sooner over large-later preferences during temporal discounting task through event-related oscillations (EROs)
(Elsevier Science, 2021) Guleken, Zozan; Sütçübaşı, Bernis; Metin, Baris
Event-related oscillations (ERO) may provide a useful tool for the identification of cognitive processes during economic decisions. In the present study, we investigate peak-to-peak amplitude of task event-related oscillations of healthy subjects during delay discounting task. The study included forty-seven consecutive volunteers with mean 22 age- and matched education and socioeconomic condition. We used two temporal discounting (TD) tasks: the first was used to find individual indifference points for a set of delays and in the second, we recorded EEG as the participants made now vs delay decisions for the indifferent options. The EEG activity were recorded from 24 electrodes placed on the head surface according to the international 10–20 system. EEG activity for each choice (now and future) was averaged separately. The ERO responses were calculated for delta, theta, alpha and beta bands by the peak-to-peak measures. After Bonferroni correction, we found a significant effect of the de-cision process on the left frontal theta, left centroparietal delta, and frontoparietal beta oscillations. These were significantly greater during future decisions compared to now condition. These results indicate that a widespread frontoparietal network is implicated during delay discounting.
Effects of school shooting on school climate: a review of social bond theory
(2021) Özcan Ildırım, Ezgi; Erbay, Ayhan
It has been aimed to examine the relationship between how school shooting disrupts school climate and what are the consequences of this situation. Although school shooting is among the primary problems of society from time to time, it is in reality an issue to which society pays attention only when such an event breaks out. School shooting, on the other hand, has a devastating impact on students, teachers, and other school staff, as well as deeply shaking the school climate. At this point, Social Bond Theory has been used as a theoretical framework to understand the effects of school shooting. The theory proposes that when school shooting occurs students precisely de-attach from school, therefore from the society. They do not commit to social norms and rules, and eventually lose their faith in society as a result of the school shooting. In this study, the effects of school shooting on the school climate were discussed and some prevention suggestions were developed.
Rational Emotive Behavior therapy compared to client-centered therapy for outpatients: a randomized clinical trial with a three months follow up
(SPRINGER, 2021) Artıran, Murat; DiGiuseppe, Raymond
This study evaluated the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) for outpatients with GAD and mild depression and tested the effectiveness of REBT to an active, alternative treatment, Humanistic, Client-Centered Therapy (HCCT) in a clinical setting. The study aimed to understand whether REBT is a more effective treatment than HCCT through testing both pre-treatment and including three-month follow-up results. Thirty-one participants were assessed for overall psychopathological variables such as anxiety, depression, levels of unhealthy negative emotions and regret, activation, hope and nothingness as ontological well-being (OWB) variables before and after a 12 week intervention as well as during a three-month follow-up. We randomly assigned participants to either REBT or HCCT. The psychotherapists followed strict guidelines to incorporate the distinctive features of REBT. This included educating clients about irrational and rational beliefs, introducing the binary model of emotional distress, using a range of disputing techniques (logical, philosophic, and functional), and discussing alternative rational beliefs such as unconditional acceptance of self, others, and life. The HCCT group was treated with Rogerian techniques such as unconditional positive regard, accepting negative emotions, and reflection. The clients completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Shortened Attitude and Beliefs Scale, the Ontological Well-being Scale, and the healthy and unhealthy negative emotions scale. The outcomes were analyzed using split plot ANOVA with post hoc, Reliable Change Index, and Clinical Significance Change Index. Although split-plot ANOVA results showed that there was not significant difference in main effect of treatment between REBT and HCCT groups, further detailed analysis such as main effect of time, time by interaction values, Reliable Change Indices, clinically significant change analysis, and post hoc indicated that REBT treatment was more beneficial than HCCT treatment at any of the three time points in most variables. Another experimental study with larger sample is needed to confirm the result in future studies.
Happiness around the world: a combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries
(Public Library of Science, 2020) Gardiner, Gwendolyn; Lee, Daniel; Baranski, Erica N.; Funder, David C.; Beramendi, Maite Regina; Bastian, Brock; Neubauer, Aljoscha C.; Karakus Akalin, Pelin
What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

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