Hemşirelerin meme kanseri riskine ilişkin farkındalıklar ve aldıkları önlemler
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstinye Üniversitesi / Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Araştırma, hemşirelerin meme kanseri riskine ilişkin farkındalıklarını ve meme kanseri riskine yönelik aldıkları önlemlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak planlandı ve gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın evrenini oluşturan 400 hemşireden, örneklem büyüklüğünü belirlemek için yapılan güç analizinde %80 güç ve 0.05 tip1 hata ile çalışmaya minimum 194 hemşirenin dâhil edilmesi gerektiği bulundu. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul etmeyen hemşireler ile ilk ve acil yardım, elektronörofizyoloji teknikerliği gibi bölümlerden mezun olup, hemşire statüsünde çalışanlar, araştırmaya dâhil edilmedi. Araştırmanın örneklemini, çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü, toplam 289 hemşire oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri 4 Ekim 2019 – 30 Kasım 2019 tarihleri arasında araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan “Veri Toplama Formu” ile toplandı. Çalışma verileri değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistikler niteliksel veriler için kişi sayısı ve yüzde olarak verildi. Niteliksel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında dağılımın özelliğine göre Pearson Ki-Kare testi, Yates Düzeltmeli Ki-Kare testi veya Fisher’in kesin ki kare testleri kullanıldı. Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin %89,6’sının (n=259) meme kanserine ilişkin bilgileri olduğu, %75,1’inin meme kanseri ile ilgili bilimsel bir toplantı ya da eğitim programına katılmadığı; hemşirelerin meme kanseri risk faktörlerine ilişkin yanıtlarının dağılımlarına bakıldığında; %79,6 - %26 aralığında risk faktörlerine doğru yanıt verdiği; hemşirelerin meme kanseri risk faktörlerinden kendilerinde var olma durumlarına ilişkin verdikleri yanıtlara bakıldığında; %69,2’sinin gece vardiyasında çalıştığı, %46’sının sigara kullandığı, %35,6’sının 29 yaş üzerinde olup hiç doğum yapmadığı, %10,7’sinin yakın akrabada kanser öyküsü olduğu, %6,2’sinin HRT gördüğü, %1’inin diğer memede kanser olduğu bulundu. Hemşirelerin meme kanserinden korunmaya yönelik aldıkları önlemler incelendiğinde; %7,3’ünün meme kanseri risk hesaplaması yaptırdığı, %33,8’inin ayda 1 kez KKMM uyguladığı, %6,2’sinin düzenli fizik muayene yaptırdığı, %20,4’ünün düzenli egzersiz yaptığı, %44,3’ünün beslenme şekline dikkat ettiği, %37,4’ünün stresle baş etmede güçlük yaşadığı, %27’sinin kilo kontrolüne özen göstermediği, %5,2’sinin tarama programlarına katıldığı, %11,1’inin mamografi çektirdiği saptandı. Risk gurubunda olan hemşirelerden, yakın akrabasında meme kanseri olanlarda, memede bir değişiklik görüldüğünde hekime başvurma oranlarının (%64,5), yakın akrabasında meme kanseri olmayanlardan, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu (p<0,05), hormon replasman tedavisi (HRT) olan hemşirelerin KKMM yapma oranının (%88,8), HRT olmayan hemşirelerden, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu (p<0,05), selim meme hastalığı olan hemşirelerde, memede bir değişiklik görüldüğünde hekime başvurma, tarama programlarına katılma ve bireysel meme ultrasonu ya da mamografi çektirme oranlarında gözlenen farklılığın, istatistiksel olarak da anlamlı olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak; hemşirelerin meme kanseri riskine yönelik bilgisinin kısmen yeterli olduğu, farkındalıklarının ve meme kanserinden korunmaya yönelik aldıkları önlemlerin beklenen ve istenilen düzeyde olmadığı saptandı.
The research was planned and carried out descriptively in order to determine nurses' awareness of breast cancer risk and the precautions they take against the risk. It was found that, from 400 nurses that make up the universe of the study, a minimum of 194 nurses should be included in the study to have 80% power and 0.05 type 1 error. Nurses who did not agree to participate in the study, and those who graduated from departments such as first and emergency aid, electroneurophysiology technician, and working in the nurse status were not included in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 289 nurses who volunteered to participate in the study. The data for the study were collected between October 4, 2019 and November 30, 2019 using the "Data Collection Form" prepared by the researcher. While evaluating the study data, descriptive statistics for qualitative data were given as the number of people and percentages. For qualitative data, depending on the characteristics of the distribution, Pearson Chi-Square test, Yates Corrected ChiSquare test or Fisher's exact chi-square tests were used. It was observed that 89.6% (n = 259) of the nurses participating in the study had knowledge about breast cancer, and 75.1% did not attend a scientific meeting or training program on breast cancer. Considering the distribution of nurses' responses to breast cancer risk factors; it was observed that the correct response rate was in the range of 79.6% - 26%. Considering the distribution of the nurses’ responses regarding the presence of breast cancer risk factor in themnselves; 69.2% worked night shifts, 46% smoked, 35.6% over the age of 29 and never gave birth, 10.7% had a history of cancer in a close relative, 6.2% received Hormone Replacement Treatment, 1% found cancer in the other breast. Considering the precautions taken by nurses to prevent breast cancer; 7.3% had breast cancer risk calculation, 33.8% performed BSE (Breast Selp Examination) once a month, 6.2% had regular physical examination, 20.4% regularly exercised, 44.3% of them pay attention to their diet, 37.4% had difficulty coping with stress, 27% did not pay attention to weight control, 5.2% participated in screening programs, and 11.1% had mammography. Among the nurses in the risk group, for those with breast cancer in a close relative, the rate of referral to the physician when a change is observed in the breast (64.5%) was statistically significantly higher than for those with no breast cancer in a close relative (p <0.05). Nurses with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had a statistically significantly higher rate of BSE (88.8%) than nurses without HRT (p <0.05). In nurses with benign breast disease, the differences observed in the rates of referral to a physician when a change was observed in the breast, participation in screening programs, and individual breast ultrasound or mammography were found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). As a result; It was found that the nurses' knowledge of breast cancer risk was partially sufficient, however, their awareness and the measures they took to prevent breast cancer were not at the expected and desired level.
The research was planned and carried out descriptively in order to determine nurses' awareness of breast cancer risk and the precautions they take against the risk. It was found that, from 400 nurses that make up the universe of the study, a minimum of 194 nurses should be included in the study to have 80% power and 0.05 type 1 error. Nurses who did not agree to participate in the study, and those who graduated from departments such as first and emergency aid, electroneurophysiology technician, and working in the nurse status were not included in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 289 nurses who volunteered to participate in the study. The data for the study were collected between October 4, 2019 and November 30, 2019 using the "Data Collection Form" prepared by the researcher. While evaluating the study data, descriptive statistics for qualitative data were given as the number of people and percentages. For qualitative data, depending on the characteristics of the distribution, Pearson Chi-Square test, Yates Corrected ChiSquare test or Fisher's exact chi-square tests were used. It was observed that 89.6% (n = 259) of the nurses participating in the study had knowledge about breast cancer, and 75.1% did not attend a scientific meeting or training program on breast cancer. Considering the distribution of nurses' responses to breast cancer risk factors; it was observed that the correct response rate was in the range of 79.6% - 26%. Considering the distribution of the nurses’ responses regarding the presence of breast cancer risk factor in themnselves; 69.2% worked night shifts, 46% smoked, 35.6% over the age of 29 and never gave birth, 10.7% had a history of cancer in a close relative, 6.2% received Hormone Replacement Treatment, 1% found cancer in the other breast. Considering the precautions taken by nurses to prevent breast cancer; 7.3% had breast cancer risk calculation, 33.8% performed BSE (Breast Selp Examination) once a month, 6.2% had regular physical examination, 20.4% regularly exercised, 44.3% of them pay attention to their diet, 37.4% had difficulty coping with stress, 27% did not pay attention to weight control, 5.2% participated in screening programs, and 11.1% had mammography. Among the nurses in the risk group, for those with breast cancer in a close relative, the rate of referral to the physician when a change is observed in the breast (64.5%) was statistically significantly higher than for those with no breast cancer in a close relative (p <0.05). Nurses with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had a statistically significantly higher rate of BSE (88.8%) than nurses without HRT (p <0.05). In nurses with benign breast disease, the differences observed in the rates of referral to a physician when a change was observed in the breast, participation in screening programs, and individual breast ultrasound or mammography were found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). As a result; It was found that the nurses' knowledge of breast cancer risk was partially sufficient, however, their awareness and the measures they took to prevent breast cancer were not at the expected and desired level.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Meme Kanseri, Risk Faktörleri, Koruyucu Önlemler, Hemşire, Breast Cancer, Risk Factors, Preventive Measures, Nurses
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Neziroğlu, D. (2021). Hemşirelerin Meme Kanseri Riskine İlişkin Farkındalıklar ve
Aldıkları Önlemler. İstinye Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
İstanbul.
