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    A brief reconnoitre about effects of MMP9 on aortic dissection
    (DergiPark, 2021) Salman Yaylaz, Burcu; Sarıman, Melda; Ekmekçi, Ahmet; Ergül, Emel; Uluganyan, Mahmut; Çosan, Fulya; Totuk Gedar, Özgün Melike; Abacı, Neslihan
    Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the extracellular ma-trix regulators that frequently investigate cardiovascular diseases and cancer metastasis. Our study aimed to examine specific polymorphisms in the MMP9 gene in our patients with aortic dissection and compare the effect of MMP9 on aortic dissection with expression datasets. Materials and Methods: Q279R and P574R polymorphisms were analyzed in 44 aortic dissection patients and 40 healthy donors via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. (PCR-RFLP) methods. Q279R and P574R prevalence was statistically compared with the medical data of the patients. Additionally, we col-lected datasets of aortic dissection from NCBI GEO to reanalyze GEO2R and RStudio to see metalloproteinase activity on samples. Later, enrich-ment analysis was processed on widely used databases. Results: Genotypic distribution of alleles was similar in the two study groups. In addition to this, female CG carriers had a higher risk of de-veloping aortic dissection than those of males. As the results of the protein-protein interaction analysis of MMP9 and patients’ clinical data, hypertension was found to be the significant outcome of P574R varia-tion in the patients. In array analysis, MMP9 expression did not change critically, but TIMPs had been downregulated in many samples. Also, MMP9 targeted miRNA expression levels were detected as low in aortic tissue and blood. Conclusion: Q279R and P574R are two polymorphisms that do not di-rectly affect MMP9 protein structure. Consequently, studied polymor-phisms and performed meta-analysis show that MMP9 does not spark off the phenotype but sets the stage for aortic dissection development as seen in the statistical results. Furthermore, enrichment analysis on datasets shows MMP9 was not a primary reason for vascular remodeling.
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    Formulating and characterizing an exosome-based dopamine carrier system
    (Jove, 2022) Naser, Abdulrahman; Isgandarov, Khagani; Güvenç, Tolga Sinan; Ekmekçi, Ahmet; Güvenç, Rengin Çetin; Şahin, Müslüm; Gündüz, Sabahattin; Şahin, Müslüm
    Exosomes between 40 and 200 nm in size constitute the smallest subgroup of extracellular vesicles. These bioactive vesicles secreted by cells play an active role in intercellular cargo and communication. Exosomes are mostly found in body fluids such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, colostrum, breast milk, joint fluid, semen, and pleural acid. Considering the size of exosomes, it is thought that they may play an important role in central nervous system diseases because they can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hence, this study aimed to develop an exosome-based nanocarrier system by encapsulating dopamine into exosomes isolated from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). Exosomes that passed the characterization process were incubated with dopamine. The dopamine-loaded exosomes were recharacterized at the end of incubation. Dopamine-loaded exosomes were investigated in drug release and cytotoxicity assays. The results showed that dopamine could be successfully encapsulated within the exosomes and that the dopamine-loaded exosomes did not affect fibroblast viability.
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    Lack of right ventricular hypertrophy is associated with right heart failure in patients with left ventricular failure
    (Springer, 2022) Naser, Abdulrahman; Isgandarov, Khagani; Güvenç, Tolga Sinan; Ekmekçi, Ahmet; Gündüz, Sabahattin; Güvenç, Rengin Çetin; Şahin, Müslüm
    Presence of right heart failure (RHF) is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with left ventricular failure (LVF). While the cause of RHF secondary to LVF is multifactorial, an increased right ventricular (RV) afterload is believed as the major cause of RHF. However, data are scarce on the adaptive responses of the RV in patients with LVF. Our aim was to understand the relationship of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) with RHF and RV systolic and diastolic properties in patients with LVF. 55 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less were included in the present study. A comprehensive two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic examination was done to all participants. 12 patients (21.8%) had RHF, and patients with RHF had a signifcantly lower right ventricular free wall thickness (RVFWT) as compared to patients without RHF (5.3±1.7 mm vs. 6.6±0.9 mm, p=0.02) and the diference remained statistically signifcant after adjusting for confounders (?x?:1.34 mm, p=0.002). RVFWT had a statistically signifcant correlation with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (r=0.479, p<0.001) and tricuspid annular lateral systolic velocity (r=0.360, p=0.007), but not with the indices of the RV diastolic function. None of the patients with concentric RVH had RHF, while 22.2% of patients with eccentric RVH and 66.7% of patients without RVH had RHF (p<0.01 as compared to patients with concentric RVH). In patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, absence of RVH was associated with worse RV systolic performance and a signifcantly higher incidence of RHF