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Öğe Effect of material and antagonist type on the wear of occlusal devices with different compositions fabricated by using conventional, additive, and subtractive manufacturing(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Ateş, G.; Demirel, M.; Donmez, M.B.; Dayan, S.Ç.; Sülün, T.Statement of problem: Additive (AM) and subtractive (SM) manufacturing have become popular for fabricating occlusal devices with materials of different chemical compositions. However, knowledge on the effect of material and antagonist type on the wear characteristics of occlusal devices fabricated by using different methods is limited. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of material and antagonist type on the wear of occlusal devices fabricated by using conventional manufacturing, AM, and SM. Material and methods: Two-hundred and forty Ø10×2-mm disk-shaped specimens were fabricated by using heat-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (control, CM), AM clear device resin fabricated in 3 different orientations (horizontal [AMH], diagonal [AMD], and vertical [AMV]), SM polymethylmethacrylate (SMP), and SM ceramic-reinforced polyetheretherketone (SMB) (n=40). Specimens were then divided into 4 groups based on the antagonists: steatite ceramic (SC); multilayered zirconia (ZR); lithium disilicate (EX); and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) used for thermomechanical aging (n=10). After aging, the volume loss (mm3) and maximum wear depth (?m) were digitally evaluated. Data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests (?=.05). Results: The interaction between the device material and the antagonist affected volume loss and maximum depth of wear (P<.001). AMH had volume loss and depth of wear that was either similar to or higher than those of other materials (P?.044). When SC was used, CM had higher volume loss and depth of wear than AMV, and, when EX was used, AMD had higher volume loss and depth of wear than SMP (P?.013). SC and ZR led to higher volume loss of CM and AMH than EX and led to the highest depth of wear for these materials, while ZR also led to the highest volume loss and depth of wear of AMD and AMV (P?.019). EX led to the lowest volume loss and depth of wear of AMV and SMP and to the lowest depth of wear of AMH (P?.021). Regardless of the antagonist, SMB had the lowest volume loss and depth of wear (P?.005). Conclusions: AMH mostly had higher volume loss and depth of wear, while SMB had the lowest volume loss, and its depth of wear was not affected by the tested antagonists. ZR mostly led to higher volume loss and maximum depth of wear, while EX mostly led to lower volume loss and maximum depth of wear of the tested occlusal device materials. © 2024 The AuthorsÖğe Scan accuracy and time efficiency of different implant-supported fixed partial denture situations depending on the intraoral scanner and scanned area: An in vitro study(Elsevier Inc., 2023) Donmez, M.B.; Mathey, A.; Gäumann, F.; Mathey, A.; Yilmaz, B.; Abou-Ayash, S.Statement of problem: The type of intraoral scanner (IOS), region of the implant, and extent of the scanned area have been reported to affect scan accuracy. However, knowledge of the accuracy of IOSs is scarce when digitizing different partially edentulous situations either with complete- or partial-arch scans. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the scan accuracy and time efficiency of complete- and partial-arch scans of different partially edentulous situations with 2 implants and 2 different IOSs. Material and methods: Three maxillary models with implant spaces at the lateral incisor sites (anterior 4-unit), right first premolar and right first molar sites (posterior 3-unit), or right canine and right first molar sites (posterior 4-unit) were fabricated. After placing implants (Straumann S RN) and scan bodies (CARES Mono Scanbody), models were digitized by using an optical scanner (ATOS Capsule 200MV120) to generate reference standard tessellation language (STL) files. Complete- or partial-arch scans (test scans) of each model were then performed by using 2 IOSs (Primescan [PS] and TRIOS 3 [T3]) (n=14). The duration of the scans and the time needed to postprocess the STL file until the design could be started were also recorded. A metrology-grade analysis software program (GOM Inspect 2018) was used to superimpose test scan STLs over the reference STL to calculate 3D distance, interimplant distance, and angular (mesiodistal and buccopalatal) deviations. Nonparametric 2-way analysis of variance followed by Mann-Whitney tests with Holm correction were used for trueness, precision, and time efficiency analyses (?=.05). Results: The interaction between IOSs and scanned area only affected the precision of the scans when angular deviation data were considered (P?.002). Trueness of the scans was affected by IOSs when 3D distance, interimplant distance, and mesiodistal angular deviations were considered. The scanned area affected only 3D distance deviations (P?.006). IOSs and scanned area significantly affected the precision of scans when 3D distance, interimplant distance, and mesiodistal angular deviations were considered, while only IOSs significantly affected buccopalatal angular deviations (P?.040). Scans from PS had higher accuracy when 3D distance deviations were considered for the anterior 4-unit and posterior 3-unit models (P?.030), when interimplant distance deviations were considered for complete-arch scans of the posterior 3-unit model (P?.048), and when mesiodistal angular deviations were considered in the posterior 3-unit model (P?.050). Partial-arch scans had higher accuracy when 3D distance deviations of the posterior 3-unit model were considered (P?.002). PS had higher time efficiency regardless of the model and scanned area (P?.010), while partial-arch scans had higher time efficiency when scanning the posterior 3-unit and posterior 4-unit models with PS and the posterior 3-unit model with T3 (P?.050). Conclusions: Partial-arch scans with PS had similar or better accuracy and time efficiency than other tested scanned area-scanner pairs in tested partial edentulism situations. © 2023 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic DentistryÖğe Effect of analysis software program on measured deviations in complete arch, implant-supported framework scans(Elsevier Inc., 2023) Dede, D.Ö.; Çakmak, G.; Donmez, M.B.; Küçükekenci, A.S.; Lu, W.-E.; Ni, A.A.; Yilmaz B.Statement of problem: Implementation of fabrication trueness analysis by using a recently introduced nonmetrology-grade freeware program may help clinicians and dental laboratory technicians in their routine practice. However, knowledge of the performance of this freeware program when compared with the International Organization for Standardization recommended metrology-grade analysis software program is limited. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an analysis software program on measured deviations in the complete arch, implant-supported framework scans. Material and methods: A total of 20 complete arch, implant-supported frameworks were fabricated from a master standard tessellation language (STL) file from either polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or titanium (Ti) (n=10). All frameworks were then digitized by using different scanners to generate test STLs. All STL files were imported into a nonmetrology-grade freeware program (Medit Link) and a metrology-grade software program (Geomagic Control X) to measure the overall and marginal deviations of frameworks from the master STL file by using the root mean square (RMS) method. Data were analyzed by using the two 1-sided paired t test procedure, in which 50 µm was considered as the minimal clinically meaningful difference (?=.05). Results: When overall RMS values were considered, the nonmetrology-grade freeware program was not inferior to the metrology-grade software program (P<.05). When marginal RMS values were considered, the nonmetrology-grade freeware program was inferior to the metrology-grade software program only when PEEK frameworks were scanned with an E4 laboratory scanner (P>.05). Conclusions: The use of the tested nonmetrology-grade freeware program resulted in overall deviation measurements similar to those when a metrology-grade software program was used. The freeware program was inferior when marginal deviations were analyzed on E4 scans of a PEEK framework, which was the only scanner-material pair that led to a significant difference, among the 15 pairs tested. © 2023 The AuthorsÖğe Fabrication trueness and internal fit of different lithium disilicate ceramics according to post-milling firing and material type(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Demirel, M.; Donmez, M.B.Objectives: To evaluate whether post-milling firing and material type affect the fabrication trueness and internal fit of lithium disilicate crowns. Methods: A prefabricated cobalt chromium abutment was digitized to design a mandibular right first molar crown. This design file was used to fabricate crowns from different lithium disilicate ceramics (nano-lithium disilicate (AM), fully crystallized lithium disilicate (IN), advanced lithium disilicate (TS), and lithium disilicate (EX)) (n = 10). Crowns, the abutment, and the crowns when seated on the abutment were digitized by using an intraoral scanner. Fabrication trueness was assessed by using the root mean square method, while the internal fit was evaluated according to the triple scan method. These processes were repeated after the post-milling firing of AM, TS, and EX. Paired samples t-tests were used to analyze the effect of post-milling firing within AM, TS, and EX, while all materials were compared with 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests (? = 0.05). Results: Post-milling firing reduced the surface deviations and internal gap of AM and EX (P ? 0.014). AM mostly had higher deviations and internal gaps than other materials (P ? 0.030). Conclusions: Post-milling firing increased the trueness and internal fit of tested nano-lithium disilicate and lithium disilicate ceramics. Nano-lithium disilicate mostly had lower trueness and higher internal gap; however, the maximum meaningful differences among tested materials were small. Therefore, the adjustment duration and clinical fit of tested crowns may be similar. Clinical Significance: Tested lithium disilicate ceramics may be suitable alternatives to one another in terms of fabrication trueness and internal fit, considering the small differences in measured deviations and internal gaps. © 2024 The Author(s)Öğe LPS-Induced Neuron Cell Apoptosis through TNF-? and Cytochrome c Expression in Dental Pulp(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023) Sampoerno, G.; Supriyanto, E.; Wahjuningrum, D.A.; Larasati, A.A.; Ardiani, D.; Surboyo, M.D.C.; Bhardwaj A.Objectives ?Inflammation of the dental pulp tissue caused by bacteria, creating an immunology response of death of the dental pulp, is called apoptosis. The Porphyromonas gingivalis that cause apoptosis is lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through toll-like receptor (TLR) via two different mechanisms, intracellular and extracellular pathways. This study analyzed the role of LPS exposure of neuron cells, tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), and cytochrome c (cyt-c) expression in the dental pulp to predict the possible mechanism of apoptosis. Materials and Methods ?The lower tooth of Sprague Dawley rats was opened and exposed to LPS for 48 hours. Then the neuron cell analyzed histopathology using hematoxylin-eosin, whereas the TNF-? and cyt-c expression with indirect immunohistochemistry using a light microscope. The relationship between neuron cells with TNF-? and cyt-c was analyzed using stepwise regression linear analysis. Result ?The LPS exposure showed a lower number of neuron cells and had a relationship with TNF-? expression but not with cyt-c, while compared with control, both TNF-? and cyt-c expression were higher in neuron cells. Conclusion ?LPS exposure in dental pulp is possible to stimulate the apoptosis process through extracellular pathways marked by higher TNF-? expression. © 2023 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.Öğe Fabrication trueness and marginal quality of additively manufactured resin-based definitive laminate veneers with different restoration thicknesses(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Çakmak, G.; Donmez, M.B.; Yılmaz, D.; Yoon, H.-I.; Kahveci, Ç.; Abou-Ayash, S.; Yilmaz B.Objectives: To evaluate how restoration thickness (0.5 mm and 0.7 mm) affects the fabrication trueness of additively manufactured definitive resin-based laminate veneers, and to analyze the effect of restoration thickness and margin location on margin quality. Methods: Two maxillary central incisors were prepared either for a 0.5 mm- or 0.7 mm-thick laminate veneer. After acquiring the partial-arch scans of each preparation, laminate veneers were designed and stored as reference data. By using these reference data, a total of 30 resin-based laminate veneers were additively manufactured (n = 15 per thickness). All veneers were digitized and stored as test data. The reference and test data were superimposed to calculate the root mean square values at overall, external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces. The margin quality at labial, incisal, mesial, and distal surfaces was evaluated. Fabrication trueness at each surface was analyzed with independent t-tests, while 2-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the effect of thickness and margin location on margin quality (? = 0.05). Results: Regardless of the evaluated surface, 0.7 mm-thick veneers had lower deviations (P < 0.001). Only the margin location (P < 0.001) affected the margin quality as labial margins had the lowest quality (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Restoration thickness affected the fabrication trueness of resin-based laminate veneers as 0.7 mm-thick veneers had significantly higher trueness. However, restoration thickness did not affect the margin quality and labial margins had the lowest quality. Clinical significance: Laminate veneers fabricated by using tested urethane-based acrylic resin may require less adjustment when fabricated in 0.7 mm thickness. However, marginal integrity issues may be encountered at the labial surface. © 2024Öğe Negotiating the second mesiobuccal canal: a comparison of nickel titanium files through the experience of undergraduate dental students(WILEY, 2023) Atav Ateş, Ayfer; Arıcan, Burçin; Çiftçioglu, Elif; Küçükay, Enver SedatObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the ability of undergraduate students to reach working length (WL) in second mesiobuccal root canals (MB2) of maxillary first molars (n = 210) by using Reciproc Blue without glide path preparation, and One Curve with glide path preparation. MethodsThe students (n = 105) attended theoretical and practical courses. The first group (n = 53) shaped MB2 root canals using the One Curve system and then Reciproc Blue; the second group (n = 52) shaped MB2 root canals following the reverse sequence. Participants completed a questionnaire. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis using significance of p The full WL was reached and shaping procedures were completed without complications in Reciproc Blue and One Curve groups at rates of 86.67% and 82.85%, respectively (p > 0.05). Treatment time was shorter in Reciproc Blue (p < 0.05). More (62.9%) students felt the One Curve system safer, while 61% felt the Reciproc Blue system faster. ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, instrument kinematics and glide path preparation did not interfere with undergraduate students' ability to achieve the WL in MB2 root canals.Öğe Effect of intraoral scanner and fixed partial denture situation on the scan accuracy of multiple implants: an in vitro study(Wiley, 2023) Abou Ayash, Samir; Yılmaz, Burak; Mathey, Amber; Gaeumann, Fabio; Mathey, Ayşe; Dönmez, Mustafa BorgaBackgroundAccuracy of intraoral implant scans may be affected by the region of the implant and the type of the intraoral scanner (IOSs). However, there is limited knowledge on the scan accuracy of multiple implants placed for an implant-supported fixed partial denture (FPD) in different partially edentulous situations when digitized by using different IOSs. PurposeTo investigate the effect of IOS and FPD situation on the scan accuracy of two implants when partial-arch scans were performed. Materials and MethodsTissue level implants were placed in 3 maxillary models with implant spaces either at right first premolar and right first molar sites (Model 1, 3-unit FPD), at right canine and right first molar sites (Model 2, 4-unit FPD), or at lateral incisor sites (Model 3, 4-unit FPD). Reference standard tessellation language (STL) files of the models were generated by using an optical scanner (ATOS Capsule 200MV120). Two IOSs (CEREC Primescan [CP] and TRIOS 3 [TR]) were used to perform partial-arch scans (test-scans) of each model (n = 14), which were exported in STL format. A metrology-grade analysis software (GOM Inspect 2018) was used to superimpose test-scan STLs over the reference STL to calculate 3D distance, inter-implant distance, and angular (mesiodistal and buccopalatal) deviations. Trueness and precision analyses were performed by using bootstrap analysis of variance followed by Welch tests with Holm correction (alpha = 0.05). ResultsTrueness of the scans was affected by IOS and FPD situation when 3D distance deviations were considered, while inter-implant distance, mesiodistal angular, and buccopalatal angular deviations were only affected by the FPD situation (p < 0.001). Scan precision was affected by the interaction between the IOSs and the FPD situation when 3D distance and buccopalatal angular deviations were concerned, while IOSs and FPD situation were effective when all deviations were concerned (p <= 0.001). When 3D distance deviations were considered, CP scans had higher accuracy TR scans in Models 1 and 3 (p <= 0.002), and the Model 1 scans had the highest accuracy (p < 0.001). When inter-implant distance deviations were considered, Model 1 scans had the highest accuracy with CP and higher accuracy than Model 2 when TR was used (p <= 0.030). When mesiodistal angular deviations were considered, Model 1 scans had the highest accuracy (p <= 0.040). When buccopalatal angular deviations were considered, Model 1 scans had the highest accuracy among models when CP was used (p <= 0.020). ConclusionsPosterior 3-unit fixed partial denture implant scans, CP scans, and combination of these two factors had accuracy either similar to or better than their tested counterparts.Öğe Optical properties, biaxial flexural strength, and reliability of new-generation lithium disilicate glass-ceramics after thermal cycling(WILEY, 2023) Türksayar, Almira Ada Diken; Demirel, Münir; Dönmez, Mustafa BorgaPurposeTo investigate the color stability, translucency, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and reliability of nano-lithium disilicate and fully crystallized lithium disilicate after thermal cycling and to compare with those of a commonly used lithium disilicate. Materials and methodsThree lithium disilicate glass-ceramics were used to prepare disk-shaped specimens (o:12 mm, thickness: 1.2 mm) from A2 shaded HT blocks (Amber Mill, AM; Initial LiSi Block, IN; IPS e.max CAD, EX). AM and EX specimens were crystallized, and all specimens were polished with a polishing paste (Diamond Polish Mint). A spectrophotometer (CM-26d) was used to measure color coordinates before and after thermal cycling. BFS test was performed after thermal cycling. Color differences (Delta E-00) and relative translucency parameter (RTP) values were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Delta E-00 and BFS), two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD tests (RTP), and chi-square tests (Weibull modulus and characteristic strength) were used for the statistical analyses (alpha = 0.05). ResultsNo significant differences were observed among the Delta E-00 values of tested materials (df = 2, F = 2.933, p = 0.070). RTP values were only affected by material type (p < 0.001) as AM had the highest RTP (p < 0.001), whereas IN and EX had similar values (p >= 0.165). BFS values varied among tested materials (df = 2, F = 21.341, p < 0.001). AM and EX had similar BFS values (p = 0.067) that were higher than that of IN (p <= 0.001). Weibull moduli of the materials were similar (p = 0.305), whereas EX had the highest and IN had the lowest characteristic strength values (p < 0.001) ConclusionsAlthough nano-lithium disilicate had the highest translucency, all materials had imperceptible color and translucency changes after thermal cycling when reported threshold values were considered. Newly introduced lithium disilicate glass-ceramics had adequate flexural strength as compared to the precursor material.Öğe Trueness of crowns fabricated by using additively and subtractively manufactured resin-based CAD-CAM materials(Elsevier, 2022) Çakmak, Gülce; Rusa, Ana Maria; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Akay, Canan; Kahveci, Çiğdem; Yılmaz, BurakStatement of problem: Advancements in digital dental technologies have enabled the use of different resin-based materials that can be fabricated either additively or subtractively. However, knowledge on the fabrication trueness of these materials is scarce. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the trueness of crowns fabricated by using different resin-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials. Material and methods: A complete crown for a mandibular right first molar with a 30-?m cement space was designed in standard tessellation language (STL) format. This master STL (MC-STL) was used to fabricate 40 complete crowns with 4 different resin-based CAD-CAM materials and either additive (Crowntec [MS]) or subtractive techniques (Brilliant Crios [BC], breCAM.monoCOM [PMMA], and G-CAM [GR]; n=10). All crowns were digitized with an intraoral scanner (CEREC Primescan SW 5.2) to generate their STL files (TC-STLs). MC-STL and TC-STLs were transferred into a 3-dimensional analysis software program (Medit Link v2.4.4), and a trueness (overall, external, occlusal, intaglio occlusal, and marginal) analysis was performed by using the root mean square (RMS) method. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were performed to analyze data (?=.05). Results: The test groups had significantly different deviations on all surfaces (P?.001). MS crowns had higher overall (P?.007) and external surface (P?.001) deviations than GR and PMMA crowns, while the differences between GR and PMMA crowns were not significant (P?.441). BC crowns had higher external surface deviations than GR crowns (P=.005), higher occlusal deviations than GR and MS crowns (P?.007), and higher intaglio occlusal deviations than GR and MS crowns (P?.009). However, BC crowns had lower marginal deviations than MS and GR crowns (P?.018). Conclusions: The brand of resin-based CAD-CAM materials affected the trueness of crowns. Additively manufactured crowns (MS) mostly had lower overall and external surface trueness than the other groups. Nevertheless, the deviation values of occlusal, intaglio occlusal, and marginal trueness were generally small; thus, the effect of the tested materials on clinical crown fit may be negligible. © 2022 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic DentistryÖğe Effect of measurement techniques and operators on measured deviations in digital implant scans(ELSEVIER, 2022) Çakmak, Gülce; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Akay, Canan; De Silva, Marcella Paula; Mangano, F. G.; Abou-Ayash, S.; Yılmaz, BurakObjectives: To evaluate the effect of different measurement techniques and operators on measured deviations in in vitro implant scans. Methods: A 2-piece system that comprises a healing abutment (HA) and a scan body (SB) was mounted onto an implant at right first molar site of a polymethylmethacrylate mandibular dentate model. Model was digitized by using an industrial scanner (reference model scan, n=1) and an intraoral scanner (test scan, n=20). All standard tessellation language files were imported into a 3-dimensional analysis software and superimposed. Three operators with similar experience performed circle-based and point-based deviation analyses (n=20). Deviations measured with different techniques were compared with paired samples t-test within each operator, while the reliability of the operators was assessed by using F-tests for both technqiues (?=.05). Results: Point-based technique resulted in lower deviations than circle-based technique for all operators (P=.001) with to higher reliability among operators (ICC=.438, P=.001). The correlation among the operators was nonsignificant when circle-based technique was used (ICC=.114, P=.189). Conclusion: Lower deviations were detected with the point-based technique. In addition, different operators' measurements had higher correlation when point-based technique was used compared with circle-based technique. Clinical significance: Point-based technique may be preferred over circle-based technique for research studies on scan accuracy of implants, given its higher reliability. The accuracy of measured deviations may increase if the number of planes are increased, which can facilitate point generation at different surfaces of the scan body.Öğe The trueness of an intraoral scanner in scanning different post space depths(Elsevier Science, 2022) Elter, Bahar; Diker, Burcu; Tak, ÖnjenThe trueness of an intraoral scanner in scanning different post space depthsÖğe In vitro scan accuracy and time efficiency in various implant-supported fixed partial denture situations(Elsevier, 2022) Abou Ayash, Samir; Mathey, Amber; Gäumann, Fabio; Mathey, Ayşe; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Yılmaz, BurakIn vitro scan accuracy and time efficiency in various implant-supported fixed partial denture situationsÖğe Effect of thermal cycling on the flexural strength and hardness of new-generation denture base materials(WILEY, 2022) Cakmak, Gulce; Donmez, Mustafa Borga; Akay, Canan; Abou-Ayash, Samir; Schimmel, Martin; Yilmaz, BurakPurpose To evaluate the flexural strength and Vickers microhardness of different CAD-CAM denture base materials. Materials and methods Sixty rectangular specimens (64 x 10 x 3.3 +/- 0.2 mm) were fabricated from 3 different denture base materials (G-CAM, Graphene-reinforced polymethylmethacrylate, GC), Ivotion Base (Prepolymerized polymethylmethacrylate, IV), and Denturetec (3D-printed resin, DT) either by using additive (DT) or subtractive manufacturing (IV and GC). Specimens of each group were divided into 2 subgroups (thermal cycled or nonthermal cycled, n = 10/group). Nonthermal cycled specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and subjected to 3-point flexural strength test with a universal testing machine. Thermal cycled specimens were initially evaluated for Vickers microhardness and subjected to thermal cycling (10,000 cycles at 5-55 degrees C). Vickers microhardness values were remeasured, and the specimens were subjected to 3-point flexural strength test. Data were analyzed by using 2-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni-corrected Tukey honestly significant difference tests (alpha = 0.05). Results Material type and condition significantly affected flexural strength (p <= 0.004), whereas their interaction was nonsignificant (p = 0.778). Overall flexural strength of the materials in decreasing order was GC, IV, and DT (p < 0.001), regardless of the condition. Material had a higher effect on flexural strength (eta p(2) = 0.731) than thermal cycling (eta p(2) = 0.142). The effect of the interaction between the material type and thermal cycling on Vickers microhardness was significant (p < 0.001). GC had the highest microhardness before and after thermal cycling (p < 0.001). IV had higher microhardness than DT before thermal cycling (p < 0.001). However, DT and IV showed similar microhardness after thermal cycling (p = 0.665). Thermal cycling decreased the microhardness of GC and IV (p <= 0.022), whereas its effect on DT's microhardness was nonsignificant (p = 0.538). Material type had the highest effect on microhardness (eta p(2) = 0.864) followed by the interaction between the main factors (eta p(2) = 0.258). Conclusions Graphene-reinforced polymethylmethacrylate had the highest flexural strength and Vickers microhardness values, regardless of thermal cycling. Thermal cycling reduced the flexural strength of all resins. Thermal cycling reduced the microhardness of milled polymethylmethacrylate, but not that of 3D-printed resin.Öğe Prosthetic complications with monolithic or micro-veneered implant-supported zirconia single-unit, multiple-unit, and complete-arch prostheses on titanium base abutments: a single center retrospective study with mean follow-up period of 72.35 months(WILEY, 2022) Saponaro, Paola C.; Karasan, Duygu; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Johnston, William Michael; Yılmaz, BurakBackground The influence of prosthetic design on prosthetic complications when monolithic or micro-veneered zirconia prostheses are supported with titanium base (ti-base) abutments is not well-known. Purpose The purpose of this single center, retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of prosthetic complications with monolithic or micro-veneered single-unit, multi-unit, and complete-arch zirconia prostheses supported with ti-base abutments (implant level or multi-unit abutment level). Material and Methods This study retrospectively evaluated the electronic health record (EHR) of participants who received either monolithic or micro-veneered implant-supported single-unit, multi-unit, and/or complete-arch prostheses supported by ti-base or zirconia-ti-base hybrid abutments delivered between the years 2010 and 2021. Data were analyzed by using logistic regression and Exact Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test (alpha = 0.05) to assess the clinical performance of prostheses and complications including crown decementation, feldspathic porcelain chipping, prosthesis fracture, zirconia-ti-base hybrid abutment decementation, abutment screw loosening, screw fracture, abutment fracture, implant loss, and prosthesis remake. Results The study included 94 participants (50 female, 44 male) with a mean age of 59.5 years (range: 24-101 years of age). The retrospective EHR evaluation yielded 82 single-unit, 51 multi-unit, and 20 complete-arch prostheses on 325 implants. Among 153 prostheses delivered, 108 were micro-veneered (47 single-unit, 41 multi-unit, and 20 complete-arch prostheses) and 45 were monolithic. The average duration was 72.35 months (6.02 years) with a follow-up period of 5-132 months. From the time of insertion to the time of EHR review, of 153 prostheses, 78.43% did not exhibit any prosthetic complication. However, 33 prostheses (21.57%) from 29 participants (30.85%) had at least one prosthetic complication. Only four patients (4.25%) experienced two or more prosthetic complications. Prosthetic design affected the probability of having a complication (p = 0.005); complete-arch prostheses had higher probability (p <= 0.028). Single-unit prostheses had lower probability of complication than multi-unit prostheses (p = 0.005). The most commonly observed complication was fracture of veneering material (5.88%) followed by prosthetic screw loosening (4.57%) and decementation between the zirconia and the ti-base abutment (2.61%). Micro-veneered complete-arch prostheses had higher probability of having chipping than that of not having (p < 0.001), and other micro-veneered prosthetic designs had similar probability of chipping with that of complete-arch prostheses (p >= 0.082). Frequency of chipping was affected by veneering (p < 0.001). Monolithic prostheses had lower probability of chipping than micro-veneered prostheses, regardless of the prosthetic design (p < 0.001). Conclusions The frequency of prosthetic complications varied depending on prosthetic design. Complete-arch prostheses had the highest probability of complications while the single-unit prostheses had the lowest. Micro-veneered prostheses had higher probability for chipping than monolithic prostheses. Probability of chipping was similar for micro-veneered single-unit, multi-unit, and complete-arch zirconia prostheses.Öğe Influence of cement shade, ceramic thickness, and airborne-particle abrasion of titanium surface on the final color of monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramic hybrid-abutment systems in vitro(QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC, 2022) Elter, Bahar; Tak, ÖnjenObjectives:The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of the ceramic thickness, cement shade, and airborne -particle abrasion of the titanium on the final color of titanium base cemented lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restorations.Method and materials: In total, 144 lithium disilicate glass -ce-ramic disks of three thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) were ce-mented to airborne-particle-abraded and non -airborne-particle -abraded titanium disks with six adhesive resin cements. The color measurements were performed with a clinical spectrophotometer. The mean and standard deviation of evaluated AE values were calculated. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for analyzing the data. Statistical analyses were computed with a sig-nificance level of alpha = .05 using a statistical software program (Minitab 17, Minitab). Results:The 0.5-and 1-mm-thick ceramic specimens cemented with Panavia V5 Opaque showed the lowest AE values when cemented on both non-airborne-particle-abraded (5.62 +/- 1.66, 3.15 +/- 1.28) and airborne-particle-abraded (5.55 +/- 0.86, 3.16 +/- 0.49) surfaces, while the highest values were seen in the groups cemented with RelyX U200 A2 (29.22 +/- 0.83, 17.23 +/- 0.45) and Panavia V5 A2 (29.94 +/- 1.17, 16.71 +/- 0.44) on airborne -particle-abraded surfaces. For the 1.5-mm-thick ceramics, the lowest AE values were seen when Multilink MO 0 cement was used on non-airborne -particle-abraded surfaces (1.56 +/- 0.29) and when Panavia V5 Opaque was used on airborne-particle-abraded surfaces (1.56 +/- 0.66). The highest values were seen when RelyX U200 A2 (9.77 +/- 1.13), PA2 (9.24 +/- 0.25), and Multilink HO 0 (9.19 +/- 1.33) were used on airborne-particle-abraded surfaces, and when Multilink HO 0 (9.61 +/- 1.70) was used on non-airborne -parti-cle-abraded surfaces. The 1-mm-thick ceramics cemented with Multilink HO 0 showed higher AE values (12.05 +/- 1.99) for airborne- particle-abraded and non-airborne-particle-abraded (12.58 +/- 1.06) than thinner (0.5 mm) or thicker (1.5 mm) ceramics. Conclusion: Thinnest ceramic superstructures resulted in the highest AE val-ues. Cements that mask the underlying color reflect their own shade under thin superstructures. Airborne-particle abrasion of titanium surfaces increases the grayish reflectance if cement shade does not have the color masking ability.Öğe Surface roughness and stainability of new-generation denture base materials after brushing and coffee thermocycling(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2022) Çakmak, Gülce; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; De Paula, Marcella Silva; Akay, Canan; Chavan, Amit; Schimmel, Martin; Yılmaz, BurakDisk-shaped specimens were prepared from additively (NX and DT), subtractively (MZ), and conventionally manufactured denture base resins (CV). Surface roughness and color coordinates were measured after polishing, simulated brushing, and coffee thermocycling, while surface roughness was also measured before polishing. Polishing reduced the surface roughness of all materials. Brushing and coffee thermocycling increased the surface roughness of only DT. CV had the highest susceptibility to consecutive brushing and coffee thermocycling as it had the highest surface roughness, which was above the clinically acceptable threshold. All materials had similar stainability; only MZ had perceptible color change after brushing. Even though stainability of tested denture base resins was similar, additively or subtractively manufactured computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) resins had smoother surfaces after brushing and coffee thermocycling, regardless of the material. Therefore, complete dentures made out of these CAD-CAM resins may have favorable surface properties in the long term.Öğe Effect of different surface treatments on the surface roughness and orthodontic bond strength of partially-stabilized zirconia(GALENOS YAYINCILIK, 2022) Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Demirel Ballı, Betül; Demirel, Münir; Gündoğdu, Yasemin; Kılıç, Hamdi ŞükürObjective: To investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the surface roughness (Ra) and shear bond strength (SBS) of partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) with different yttrium content.Materials and Methods: Zirconia samples were milled from 5Y-PSZ and 4Y-PSZ disks and divided into 5 groups: Control (C), sandblasting (APA), single-step self -etch primer etching (MEP), Er:YAG laser (ER), and femtosecond laser (FS) irradiation (n=11). Surface Ra was measured and metallic mandibular incisor brackets were bonded. SBS test was performed after thermocycling. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tamhane's T2 tests (alpha=0.05).Results: Only surface treatment affected Ra and SBS (p<0.001). FS groups had the highest (p<0.001), and C groups had the lowest values Ra (p <= 0.001). MEP groups had lower Ra than ER and APA (p <= 0.002). FS and APA groups resulted in the highest SBS (p<0.001), while MEP groups achieved significantly higher SBS than ER groups (p<0.001). The C group showed the lowest SBS (p<0.001).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, sandblasting and FS irradiation was found to be the most effective surface treatments for metallic bracket bonding to Y-PSZ.Öğe Influence of digital implant analog design on the positional trueness of an analog in additively manufactured models: an in-vitro study(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Mata-Mata, Severino J.; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Meirelles, Luiz; Johnston, William Michael; Yılmaz, BurakBackground: Limited evidence exists regarding the accuracy of implant analog position in printed models, particularly when implant analogs with varying designs are used. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of digital implant analog (DIA) design on the trueness of their position in additively manufactured digital implant models (DIMs) and to compare with that of a conventional implant analog in a stone cast. Materials and Methods: A dentate maxillary model with a conventional implant analog (Nobel Biocare Implant Replica 4.3 mm CC RP) at left second premolar site was digitized by using a laboratory scanner (3Shape D2000) and a (SB) scan body to generate the master standard tessellation language (STL) file (M0). 12 custom trays were fabricated on M0 file and conventional polyvinylsiloxane impressions of the model were made. All impressions were poured after inserting conventional implant analogs (Nobel RP Implant Replica) (Group A). Model was then digitized with an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3) and the same SB, and DIMs with three different DIA designs (Nobel Biocare [Group B], Elos [Group C], and NT-trading [Group D]) were generated (Dental System-Model Builder). 12 DIMs of each design were additively manufactured and corresponding DIAs were inserted. All models were digitized by using the same laboratory scanner and SB, and these STLs were transferred to a 3D analysis software (Geomagic Control X), where the STL files of the models were superimposed over M0. Linear and 3D deviations at three selected points on SB (implant-abutment connection, most cervical point on SB, and most coronal point on SB) as well as angular deviations on two planes (buccolingual and mesiodistal) were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni corrected t-tests were used to analyze the trueness of implant analog positions (? = 0.05). Results: The interaction of main effects significantly affected linear (p < 0.001) and angular deviations (p = 0.020). At point 1, group D had higher deviations than groups A and B (p ? 0.015). In addition, groups A and D had higher deviations than group B at point 4 (p < 0.001). While group C had similar linear deviations to those of other groups at point 1 and point 4 (p ? 0.192), the differences among test groups at point 2 were nonsignificant (p ? 0.276). Group B had lower angular deviations than groups C (p = 0.039) and D (p = 0.006) on buccolingual plane. Conclusions: Analog design affected the trueness of analog position as proprietary, pressure/friction fit DIA (group B) had higher linear trueness than screw-retained DIA (Group D) and conventional implant analog (group A). In addition, pressure/friction fit DIA had the highest angular trueness among tested DIAs.Öğe Surface roughness and color stability of 3D-Printed denture base materials after simulated brushing and thermocycling(MDPI, 2022) Çakmak, Gülce; Molinero Mourelle, Pedro; De Paula, Marcella Silva; Akay, Canan; Cuellar, Alfonso Rodriguez; Dönmez, Mustafa Borga; Yılmaz, BurakThree-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used to fabricate denture base materials. However, information on the effect of simulated brushing and thermocycling on the surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base materials is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brushing and thermocycling on the surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base materials and to compare with those of milled and heat-polymerized denture base resins. Disk-shaped specimens (Ø 10 mm × 2 mm) were prepared from 4 different denture base resins (NextDent Denture 3D+ (ND); Denturetec (SC); Polident d.o.o (PD); Promolux (CNV)) (n = 10). Surface roughness (Ra) values were measured before and after polishing with a profilometer. Initial color coordinates were measured by using a spectrophotometer after polishing. Specimens were then consecutively subjected to simulated brushing (10,000 cycles), thermocycling (10,000 cycles), and brushing (10,000 cycles) again. Ra and color coordinates were measured after each interval. Color differences (?E00) between each interval were calculated and these values were further evaluated considering previously reported perceptibility (1.72 units) and acceptability (4.08 units) thresholds. Data were analyzed with Friedman, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests (? = 0.05). Ra (p ? 0.051) and ?E00 (p ? 0.061) values among different time intervals within each material were similar. Within each time interval, significant differences in Ra (p ? 0.002) and ?E00 values (p ? 0.001) were observed among materials. Polishing, brushing, and thermocycling resulted in acceptable surface roughness for all materials that were either similar to or below 0.2 µm. Color of ND printed resin was affected by brushing and thermocycling. All materials had acceptable color stability when reported thresholds are considered.
