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Öğe The comparison of contribution of GO and rGO produced by green synthesis to the properties of CMC-based wound dressing material(Elsevier, 2024) Karaca, Özge Gülüzar; Moran, Büşra; Türk, Mustafa; Bal-Öztürk, Ayça; İzbudak, Burçin; Aydın, Yaşar Andelib; Utkan, Güldem; Alemdar, NeslihanHerein, GO (graphene oxide) or rGO (reduced graphene oxide) which is produced by the green synthesis method using plant extract (Laurus nobilis) was incorporated into a polymeric structure consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to produce a wound dressing material with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties. The effect of GO and rGO on the wound dressing features of the produced materials was investigated and compared to each other. Conductivity tests demonstrated that rGO contributed more significantly to the electrical conductivity than GO. While rGO-CMC/PEG/CA reached 3.01 x 10-6 S.cm- 1 as the conductivity value, that of GO-CMC/PEG/CA was determined as 0.85 x 10-6 S.cm- 1. As for the mechanical tests, it was seen that rGO achieved the best results in terms of elastic modulus (588.62 N/mm2), tensile strength (94.95 MPa) and elongation at break (17.64 %) compared to GO reinforced and pure hydrogel. Curcumin and ascorbic acid were used for antibiotic-free wound treatment and their release kinetics were also modeled. The results showed that rGO reinforced hydrogel provided a more controlled release. All results assured that both the produced GO reinforced and especially rGO reinforced hydrogels could be utilized as modern wound dressing materials with suitable properties to achieve remarkable results for wound healing.Öğe Developing multifunctional pectin-based hydrogel for wound dressing: In silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluation(Pergamon-elsevier science, 2024) Kocaağa, Banu; Öztürk, Yetkin; Kurçin, H. Ceren; Güner-Yılmaz, Ö. Zeynep; Kürkcüoğlu, Özge; Tatlıer, Melkon; Özdemir, İlkay; Demirci, Elif Kervancıoğlu; Kotil, Tuğba; Solakoğlu, Seyhun; Aksu, Burak; Batirel, Saime; Bal-Öztürk, Ayça; Güner, F. SenihaMultifunctional hydrogel wound dressing with high hemostatic, antioxidant, and self-healing activity is desirable in clinical applications. In this contribution, we developed two distinct hydrogel formulations, namely PZ and PTBA, by employing low methoxyl pectin (P), zeolite, or 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) for sustained release of procaine (PC) in a controlled manner up to 40 h. These hydrogel systems (PZ and PTBA) utilize dynamic reversible hydrogen bonds between the components and a metal coordination bond between carboxyl acid groups of pectin chains and Ca2+ to confer self-healing properties, as demonstrated by molecular dynamics (MD) and rheological analyses. Moreover, PZ and PTBA hydrogels possess superior antioxidant, hemostasis, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activities. The data from the mouse skin incision model and infected full-thickness skin wound model demonstrated the highest wound closure rate (wound closure area per day) was achieved by the PZ (4.72) and PTBA (4.62) groups on day 21, which was better than the control (4.2) and Kaltostat groups (4.05) (p < 0.05). PZ and PTBA's effectiveness in wound closure and acceleration of the wound healing process, highlighting its significant potential in wound management.Öğe Dispersive solid phase extraction and quadruple isotope dilution–mass spectrometry combination for the accurate and sensitive quantification of capsaicin in pepper, domestic wastewater and human saliva samples by GC–MS system(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Bodur, Süleyman; Bodur, Sezin Erarpat; Gürsoy, Selim; Ayyıldız, Merve Fırat; Kartoğlu, Bedrihan; Akbıyık, Hilal; Günkara, Ömer Tahir; Bakırdere, SezginIn the presented study, reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 (rGO/Fe3O4) nanocomposites based dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) – gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed for the determination of capsaicin in domestic wastewater (DW), pepper (PP) and human saliva (HS) samples. All important parameters of the DSPE method affected the preconcentration factor were carefully optimized to achieve high signal to noise ratio for the analyte. After the optimization studies, the system analytical performance of DSPE-GC–MS system was evaluated using the aqueous standard solution of capsaicin. Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and dynamic range were figured out to be 0.54 µg/kg, 1.80 µg/kg and 2.66 – 487.35 µg/kg, respectively. Under the optimum experimental conditions, recovery studies were conducted with the spiked DW, PP and HS samples, and percent recovery results were recorded between 52.6 % and 183.6 % via matrix matching calibration strategy. After the implementation of ID4 strategy, percent recovery results for the spiked DW, PP and HS samples were calculated as 98.2 %–99.3 %, 99.7 %–100.7 % and 99.4 %–99.8 %, respectively. In addition, capsaicin content in Sivri (S)-PP, Kıl (K)-PP and Samandağ (SA)-PP samples were found to be 309.5 ± 11.8 mg/kg, 873.7 ± 26.7 mg/kg and 165.3 ± 5.1 mg/kg via DSPE-GC-ID4-MS method, respectively. As a result, the combination of quadruple isotope dilution (ID4) strategy and the DSPE-GC–MS method were successfully performed to boost the accuracy and precision of developed DSPE-GC–MS method. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Development of dispersive solid phase extraction method for the preconcentration of parathion ethyl as a simulant of nerve agent sarin from soil, plant and water samples prior to GC–MS determination(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Bodur, Süleyman; Bodur, Sezin Erarpat; Tutar, Bahar Karademir; Bakırdere, Sezgin; Yağmuroğlu, OzanIn the presented study, an efficient and fast analytical method was developed for the determination of parathion ethyl as sarin simulant by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) was performed to concentrate parathion ethyl from soil, plant and water samples. Reduced graphene oxide–iron (II, III) oxide (rGO-Fe3O4) nanocomposite was used as an adsorbent to collect the target analyte from the aqueous sample solutions. After the optimization of extraction/preconcentration parameters, optimum conditions for adsorbent amount, eluent type, mixing type/period, eluent volume and initial sample volume were determined as 15 mg, acetonitrile, vortex/30 s, 100 µL and 10 mL, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, analytical performance of the developed DSPE-GC–MS method was evaluated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and dynamic range. Dynamic range, LOD and LOQ values were figured out to be 0.94–235.15 µg/kg, 0.41 µg/kg and 1.36 µg/kg (mass based), respectively. Satisfactory percent recovery results (90.3–125% for soil, 93.5–108.7% for plant, 88.5–112.9% for tap water) were achieved for soil, plant and tap water samples which proved the accuracy and applicability of the developed method. It is predicted that the DSPE-GC–MS method can be accurately used for the detection of sarin in soil, plant and water samples taken from war territories. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Öğe Determination of capsaicin at trace levels in different food, biological and environmental samples by quadruple isotope dilution-gas chromatography mass spectrometry after its preconcentration(Elsevier, 2024) Bodur, Sezin Erarpat; Bodur, Süleyman; Ayyıldız, Merve Fırat; Günkara, Ömer Tahir; Dikmen, Yaren; Doru, Esra Sultan; Bakırdere, SezginDespite the therapeutic properties of capsaicin for some diseases, it shows some side effects for human health. The goal of this study was to develop a precise and accurate analytical strategy for the trace determination of capsaicin in different food, biological and environmental samples including pepper, saliva and wastewater by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after spraying-based fine droplet formation-liquid phase microextraction (SFDF-LPME) and quadruple isotope dilution (ID4) method. Acetic anhydride was used as derivatizing agent, and the extraction method was used to enrich the analyte derivative to reach low detection limits. Under the optimum conditions, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined to be 0.33 and 1.10 mu g/kg, respectively. Percent recoveries calculated for SFDF-LPME-GC-MS method ranged between 84.1 and 131.7 %. After the application of ID4-SFDF-LPME-GC-MS method, percent recoveries were obtained in the range of 94.9 and 104.0 % (%RSD <= 2.8) for the selected samples. It is obvious that the isotope dilution-based method provided high accurate and precise results due to the elimination of errors during the derivatization, extraction and measurement steps.Öğe Trace element determination using mass spectrometry coupled detection methods(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Chormey, Dotse Selali; Er, Elif Öztürk; Bodur, Sezin Erarpat; Zaman, Buse Tuğba; Bodur, Süleyman; Kustanto, Tülay Borahan; Kayın, İnci; Bakırdere, SezginAbout half a century ago, trace elements in the environment were restricted at upper parts per billion levels due to limited information on their toxicological effects on humans and other organisms in the environment. In this present day, stricter restrictions are being enforced by several regulatory authorities to curb the continuous release of trace elements into the environment through anthropogenic activities that have resulted from the demand to meet the global population increase. The severity of health disorders related to trace elemental exposure from different sources and doses seem to overshadow their relevance for several biological functions. Thus, toxicological studies that elucidate the harmful effects of chemicals and help regulators to set limits of restriction require very sensitive analytical instruments that offer selectivity and specificity for accurate and precise determinations. Mass spectrometry is a unique technique that suits the purpose of identifying, confirming and quantifying elements that emanate from various chemical species. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a superior analytical technique used for the simultaneous determination of trace elements in various samples. This superior technique is further augmented by solid phase and liquid phase microextraction methods, which help separate trace elements from complex matrices into clean, readable and enriched forms for the instrument. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Urease inhibitors for the treatment of H. pylori(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Güzel Akdemir, Özlen; Akdemir, AtillaIntroduction: Helicobacter pylori infects almost half of the World population. Although many infected people are symptom free, the microorganism can still cause a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and gastric adenocarcinoma. It is considered a priority pathogen for the development of new antibiotics by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Many virulence factors of H. pylori have been described. This paper will on H. pylori Urease (HPU). Area covered: This paper will discuss the (patho)physiology and structure of HPU. In addition, urease inhibitors with known activity against the HPU or inhibitors that show H. pylori growth inhibition will be discussed. Expert opinion: Increase in selectivity, affinity and potency of HPU inhibitors can be achieved by the design of compounds that interact with distinct regions within the enzyme active site. Especially, covalent interactions seem promising as they clearly effect the dose requirement of the drug candidate. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Öğe A simple and efficient supramolecular solvent based liquid phase microextraction method for the preconcentration of nickel from dandelion tea samples before FAAS quantification, and the practicality and greenness assessment of developed method(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Kartoğlu, Bedrihan; Bodur, Süleyman; Gülhan Bakırdere, Emine; Bakırdere, SezginA sensitive, accurate and practical analytical method (supramolecular solvent based liquid phase microextraction – flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SUPRAS-LPME-FAAS) was developed for the determination of nickel in dandelion tea samples. All influential parameters of SUPRAS-LPME were optimized to attain low detection/quantification limits using a univariate optimization approach. Under the optimum SUPRAS-LPME-FAAS conditions, dynamic range, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 25.86–497.64 µg/kg, 8.20 µg/kg and 27.35 µg/kg, respectively. The detection power of FAAS system was augmented as 28-fold with the help of SUPRAS-LPME method. Recovery experiments were performed for the evaluation of the accuracy and the applicability of the SUPRAS-LPME-FAAS method and percent recovery results for the spiked dandelion tea samples were calculated between 86.0 and 131.8 % via matrix matching calibration strategy. Additionally, the practicality and greenness evaluations for the SUPRAS-LPME-FAAS method were carried out using BAGI and AGREEprep software, respectively. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Öğe A sensitive determination of lead by hydride generation integrated with micro-sampling gas–liquid separator-FAAS after preconcentration by NiFe2O4 nanoparticles(Nature Research, 2025) Ayyıldız, Merve Fırat; Bodur, Süleyman; Bakırdere, SezginIn the present study, dispersive solid phase extraction – hydride generation integrated with micro–sampling gas–liquid separator – flame atomic absorption spectrometry was proposed to determine lead in lake water samples taken in the Horseshoe Island, Antarctica. In scope of this study, microwave assisted NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized, and the characterization of nanoparticles were carried out by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. All influential parameters of dispersive solid phase extraction and hydride generation were optimized to enhance signal intensity belonging to the analyte. System analytical performance studies were performed, and limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated as 2.16 µg kg–1 and 7.19 µg kg–1, respectively. Recovery studies were conducted to the spiked lake water samples and two different calibration strategies were applied. Percent recovery results were calculated between 102.0 and 169.5% by external calibration strategy while matrix matching calibration strategy provided recovery results in the range of 78.8–142.9%. © The Author(s) 2025.Öğe Enhancing the adhesiveness capacity of tissue adhesives: exploring the impact of silk fibroin concentration and curing time on the efficacy of corneal adhesives(Elsevier ltd, 2025) Tanrıverdi, Ayşegül; İzbudak, Burçin; Dastjerd, Samin; Zamani, Elaleh; Bal-Öztürk, AyçaThe current study delved into developing biocompatible silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel-based adhesives and assessed the effect of various concentrations of SF and the visible light exposure duration during the riboflavin-mediated photo-crosslinking process to promote the in vitro/ex vivo performance of them as an ocular tissue adhesive. To accomplish this purpose, the SF solution with high adhesion features that was extracted from silk cocoons underwent exposure for durations of 1, 2, and 4 min, with varying SF concentrations (7.5 %, 15 %, and 22.5 % w/ v). The physicochemical properties of the SF adhesives, such as mechanical strength and biological adhesion behaviors, were enhanced by the increase in SF contents and irradiation time that were investigated by the characterizations of the adhesives using various techniques, which was attributed to the high density of dityrosine and beta-sheet crosslinking agents in the adhesive network. Furthermore, the interaction between tyrosine residues in SF and ocular aqueous humor led to the formation of covalent di-tyrosine crosslinking, which improved the performance of the developed corneal adhesives. SF adhesives exhibited nontoxicity behaviors towards human corneal fibroblast cell lines (HCFs), and findings of DAPI/Actin and PrestoBlue assays revealed the readily adhesion and proliferation of HCFs over SF adhesives, which confirmed their biocompatibility and potential for use in corneal tissue engineering applications.Öğe Obtaining carvacrol from Origanum onites L. essential oil and developing carvacrol-loaded nanoformulation for use in cosmetics(Elsevier b.v., 2025) Aydın, Tuğba; Gök, Bahar; Budama-Kılınç, Yasemin; Kartal, MuratCarvacrol (Car) is a major component of Origanum species with many biological activities. This study aims to obtain the Car extract from Origanum onites L. essential oil and its formulation into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) for potential use as an anti-aging formulation in the cosmetic industry. Car extract was obtained from essential oil and its purity was determined by GC-MS. Car-PCL-NPs were produced using the single emulsion method, and characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The anti-collagenase activity of the formulation, its toxicity in cell culture, and its safe dose were determined. According to the results, the Car was identified at a rate of 85.021 %. The average particle size (APS) of Car-PCL-NPs was 199.5 f 0.91 nm, the polydispersity index (PdI) was 0.070 f 0.015, and the zeta potential (ZP) was -8.51 f 0.76 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of Car-PCL-NPs were 98.55 % and 20 %, respectively. In vitro controlled release study was carried out, and it was determined that 95.55 % of Car was released from Car-PCL-NPs in 48 h. Moreover, it was found that Car-PCL NPs exhibited almost twice as much anti-collagenase activity compared to free Car. In addition, as a result of the in vitro cytotoxicity study conducted on the HaCaT cell line, it was determined that free Car showed toxic effects even at the lowest concentration of 0.125 mg/mL. However, encapsulation with PCL markedly enhanced the biocompatibility of Car, resulting in Car-PCL-NPs demonstrating 81.45 f 1.84 % cell viability at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. In conclusion, the successfully synthesized Car-PCL-NPs, exhibiting anti-collagenase activity and biocompatibility, may be regarded as potential anti-aging product candidates in the cosmetic industry.Öğe Determination of copper at trace levels in fennel tea samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after the implementation of simultaneous complexation and supramolecular solvent based spraying assisted liquid phase microextraction(Academic press inc., 2025) Tutar, Bahar Karademir; Tutar, Ömer Faruk; Bodur, Süleyman; Derin, Yavuz; Tutar, Ahmet; Bakırdere, SezginA simple and efficient preconcentration method named as supramolecular solvent based spraying assisted liquid phase microextraction (SUPRAS-SA-LPME) was combined with a flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the determination of copper in fennel tea samples at trace levels. An alkanol (1-decanol)/THF based SUPRAS (containing complexation agent) was used as extraction solvent instead of traditional organic solvents for the first time in an SA-LPME process. Under the optimum conditions, system analytical performance of the developed method was evaluated, and limit of detection (LOD)/limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were recorded as 1.91/ 6.37 mu g kg-1. After the evaluation of system analytical performances, the enhancement in detection power/ calibration sensitivity was found to be 21.3/21.8 folds when the comparison of LOD values/calibration plot slopes of the FAAS and SUPRAS-SA-LPME-FAAS systems. The method applicability was tested for the fennel tea samples by spiking experiments, and acceptable recovery results (80.2% - 111.8%) were obtained for low, mid and high spiked concentration levels.Öğe Trace element determination using mass spectrometry coupled detection methods(Elsevier b.v., 2025) Chormey, Dotse Selali; Er, Elif Öztürk; Bodur, Sezin Erarpat; Zaman, Buse Tuğba; Bodur, Süleyman; Kustanto, Tülay Borahan; Kayın, İnci; Bakırdere, SezginAbout half a century ago, trace elements in the environment were restricted at upper parts per billion levels due to limited information on their toxicological effects on humans and other organisms in the environment. In this present day, stricter restrictions are being enforced by several regulatory authorities to curb the continuous release of trace elements into the environment through anthropogenic activities that have resulted from the demand to meet the global population increase. The severity of health disorders related to trace elemental exposure from different sources and doses seem to overshadow their relevance for several biological functions. Thus, toxicological studies that elucidate the harmful effects of chemicals and help regulators to set limits of restriction require very sensitive analytical instruments that offer selectivity and specificity for accurate and precise determinations. Mass spectrometry is a unique technique that suits the purpose of identifying, confirming and quantifying elements that emanate from various chemical species. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a superior analytical technique used for the simultaneous determination of trace elements in various samples. This superior technique is further augmented by solid phase and liquid phase microextraction methods, which help separate trace elements from complex matrices into clean, readable and enriched forms for the instrument.Öğe Pharmacist and child communication : a phenomenological multidisciplinary study from the perspectives of undergraduate students in pharmacy and child development(Elsevier, 2023) Fedai Kayın, İnci; Dere Çiftçi, Hale; Tan, Buket; Akoğlu, Merve NurBackground: The present study is an interdisciplinary study about pharmacist-child communication exploring the per ceptions and observations of students studying in two different but intersecting fields, which are pharmacy and child development. Objective: The objective of the study is to illustrate the perceptions and observations of undergraduate pharmacy and child development students about pharmacist-child communication. Method: The study is a phenomenological study and the phenomenon analyzed is “pharmacist-child communication”. Research study group was selected via criterion sampling method. The sample group consisted of 40 undergraduate pharmacy and child development students. “Demographic Information Form” was used as the data collection tool and “Focus Group Interview Guide” was prepared for focus group interview meetings. Ten open-ended questions aligned with the research objective were asked to the students in the focus group interview. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method and the experiences of these two different groups of students were explored. Results: At the end of the study, two main themes and five sub-themes were obtained. These themes and the sub-themes are as follows: adherence to drug therapy (Sub-themes: communication strategies relevant to the cognitive develop ment at various ages of the child, rewarding children and reinforcement of good behavior, role of the parent in pharmacist-child communication) and physical characteristics of the pharmacy/pharmacist (Sub-themes: physical characteristics of the pharmacy, physical caharacteristics of the pharmacist). Conclusions: Each theme was illustrated in the study with comments of the students. The results showed that the obser vation and perceptions of the students studying in two different fields agreed with each other and those of other re searchers. It is proposed that projects and practices can be developed by these two different disciplines, pharmacy and child development are two intersecting fields. As they complement each other, they could strengthen the pharmacist-child communication and as a result support the child's adherence to therapy.Öğe Crystal structure of bis(mesityl)(pyrrol-1-yl)borane(Int Union Crystallography, 2022) Şahin, Onur; Wallis, John DIn the crystal structure of the title compound, C22H26BN, the B atom acts to reduce the delocalization of the nitrogen lone-pair electron density into the pyrrole ring, so that the two N-C bonds increase in length to 1.4005 (14) and 1.3981 (14) A degrees. The N-B bond length is 1.4425 (15) A degrees, which is longer than a typical N-B bond because the nitrogen lone pair is not fully available to participate in the bond.Öğe A simple spray assisted extraction/preconcentration of cadmium from sunflower oil, olive oil and hazelnut oil samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination(Academic Press Inc., 2023) Erarpat, Sezin; Bakırdere, Sezgin; Bodur, Süleyman; Tutar, Ömer FarukIn this study, an efficient and simple analytical approach for the preconcentration and extraction of cadmium from sunflower oil, olive oil and hazelnut oil samples using environmentally friendly, easy and efficient vortex assisted reverse phase spray-based fine droplet formation liquid phase microextraction (VA-RP-SFDF-LPME) prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) measurement was proposed. Limit of detection (LOD)/limit of quantification (LOQ) values were calculated as 2.89/9.62 µg/kg, 2.00/6.68 µg/kg and 4.77/15.92 µg/kg for sunflower oil, olive oil and hazelnut oil, respectively. Recovery experiments were carried out for the evaluation of applicability and accuracy of the developed method. Satisfactory recovery results for hazelnut oil, olive oil and sunflower oil samples were recorded in the range of 92.8 – 111.9%, 96.6 – 108.2% and 90.0 – 105.7%, respectively. These results verified that the proposed method can be accurately applied to the hazelnut oil, olive oil and sunflower oil samples to qualify/quantify their cadmium content. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.Öğe A cross-sectional study of community pharmacists' self-reported disease knowledge and competence in the treatment of childhood autism spectrum disorder(SPRINGER NATURE, 2022) Yılmaz, Zekiye; Al-Taie, AnmarBackground Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease that can cause signifcant social, communication, and behavioural challenges. Given the rising prevalence of autism and multiple medication use, healthcare professionals, including community pharmacists, are required to have sufcient ASD knowledge to afect positively the disease prognosis and related comorbidities. Aim To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge of disease and pharmacotherapy of ASD, along with the provision of patient education and counselling provided by, community pharmacists in Turkey. Method This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among community pharmacists in Turkey using a structured, validated questionnaire to assess ASD knowledge, awareness, and the provision of patient education and counselling by community pharmacists. Results 486 community pharmacists were included, with a mean age of 39.69±13.10 years, and most (n=151, 31.1%) in the age range between 20 and 29 years. 96.3% of community pharmacists never had training about ASD. 32.9% of the participants were aware of the medicines for ASD treatment, and 25.7% were aware of the drugs’ side efects. The mean overall knowledge about childhood autism among health workers questionnaire (KCAHW) score was 11.83±3.91, and there was a statistically signifcant KCAHW score diference between other pharmacists and those with ASD training (p=0.006). Conclusion There is a lack of disease and pharmacotherapy knowledge about childhood ASD among Turkish community pharmacists, particularly about communication impairment, type, onset, and comorbidities, as well as poor knowledge about drug pharmacotherapy and patient counselling services. This potentially creates a barrier to the adequate provision of healthcare to autistic patients.Öğe Optimization of methacrylated gelatin /layered double hydroxides nanocomposite cell-laden hydrogel bioinks with high printability for 3D extrusion bioprinting(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Alarçin, Emine; İzbudak, Burçin; Yüce Erarslan, Elif; Domingo, Sherif; Tutar, Rümeysa; Titi, Kariman; Kocaağa, Banu; Güner, F. Seniha; Bal Öztürk, AyçaLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) offer unique source of inspiration for design of bone mimetic biomaterials due to their superior mechanical properties, drug delivery capability and regulation cellular behaviors, particularly by divalent metal cations in their structure. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of LDHs holds great promise as a novel strategy thanks to highly tunable physiochemical properties and shear-thinning ability of LDHs, which allow shape fidelity after deposition. Herein, we introduce a straightforward strategy for extrusion bioprinting of cell laden nanocomposite hydrogel bioink of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) biopolymer and LDHs nanoparticles. First, we synthesized LDHs by co-precipitation process and systematically examined the effect of LDHs addition on printing parameters such as printing pressure, extrusion rate, printing speed, and finally bioink printability in creating grid-like constructs. The developed hydrogel bioinks provided precise control over extrudability, extrusion uniformity, and structural integrity after deposition. Based on the printability and rheological analysis, the printability could be altered by controlling the concentration of LDHs, and printability was found to be ideal with the addition of 3 wt % LDHs. The addition of LDHs resulted in remarkably enhanced compressive strength from 652 kPa (G-LDH0) to 1168 kPa (G-LDH3). It was shown that the printed nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds were able to support encapsulated osteoblast survival, spreading, and proliferation in the absence of any osteoinductive factors taking advantage of LDHs. In addition, cells encapsulated in G-LDH3 had a larger cell spreading area and higher cell aspect ratio than those encapsulated in G-LDH0. Altogether, the results demonstrated that the developed GelMA/LDHs nanocomposite hydrogel bioink revealed a high potential for extrusion bioprinting with high structural fidelity to fabricate implantable 3D hydrogel constructs for repair of bone defects.Öğe Gelatin methacryloyl/nanosilicate nanocomposite hydrogels encapsulating dexamethasone with a tunable crosslinking density for bone repair(Editions de Sante, 2022) Alarçin, Emine; Dokgöz, Ayşe Begüm; Akgüner Püren, Zeynep; Seki, Hatice Kübra; Bal Öztürk, AyçaDespite various strategies have been proposed to accelerate bone regeneration, the treatment of bone defects in critical size still remains a clinical challenge. In this study, we fabricated nanocomposite gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/nanosilicate (NS) hydrogels for the delivery of dexamethasone (DEX), and systematically investigated their performance in drug delivery for bone repair. Nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated by mold casting, and exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light to induce covalent crosslinking. Afterwards, we conducted a systematic characterization study to determine the effects of varying NS concentration, GelMA methacrylation degree and UV exposure time on mechanical, structural, and drug release behaviors of nanocomposite hydrogels. In particular, the higher methacrylation degree of GelMA, longer UV exposure and the presence of NS exhibited gradually enhanced mechanical properties. For instance, the compressive strengths of nanocomposite hydrogels containing 0% (w/v) NS (G0NS120) and 3% (w/v) NS (G3NS120) at 120 s of UV exposure were 194.816 kPa–367.284 kPa (p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, they exhibited higher swelling ratio (%) and slower degradation rate (%) with longer UV exposure and increased NS amount. Nanocomposite hydrogels revealed slower drug release rate due to longer UV exposure and increased NS amount. At day 14 of the release study, 99.53% and 60.687% of DEX were released from G0NS120 and G3NS120, respectively. Particularly, the nanocomposite GelMA/ NS hydrogels supported osteoblast adhesion well, and NS and DEX exhibited synergistic effect on osteoblast proliferation with 5.01 fold increase after 7 days of culture. Our results clearly showed that GelMA/NS nanocomposite hydrogels with tunable physiochemical and drug carrier properties could provide a favorable option for accelerating bone repair.Öğe The effect of thiol functional groups on bovine serum albumin/chitosan buccal mucoadhesive patches(Editions de Sante, 2022) Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Alarçin, Emine; Özbaş, Zehra; Özkahraman, Bengi; Torkay, GülşahIn this research, the effect of thiol functional groups on bovine serum albumin (BSA)/chitosan (Chi) based buccal mucoadhesive patch was investigated. Thiolated BSA (BSA-SH) was prepared via 2-mercaptoethanol. FTIR and 1H NMR results confirmed that BSA-SH was synthesized successfully. The buccal mucoadhesive patches were fabricated by the solvent casting method. Following the structural characterization of BSA/Chi and BSA-SH/Chi buccal patches, the mechanical characterization was performed by tensile tests. The drug release from triam- cinolone acetonide (TR) loaded buccal patches was evaluated in-vitro in simulated salivary. According to the ex- vivo buccal adhesion experiments, the mechanical and mucoadhesion properties of BSA-SH/Chi buccal patch had improved compared to BSA/Chi buccal patch. The total cumulative TR permeated after 12 h was higher for BSA- SH/Chi than BSA/Chi buccal patches. The developed mucoadhesive buccal patches were found to be biocom- patible in vitro. To conclude, the thiolated BSA-SH/Chi buccal adhesive patch is a promising biomaterial for a satisfied drug delivery, which provides advantages for various oral applications.
