A Miniaturized and Highly Sensitive Microwave Sensor Based on CSRR for Characterization of Liquid Materials

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dc.authoridMohd Ibrahim, Imran/0000-0002-7177-0542
dc.authoridAl-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah/0000-0002-5305-3937
dc.authoridZakaria, Zahriladha/0000-0003-1467-405X
dc.authoridAhmad, Sarosh/0000-0002-3099-1752
dc.authoridAlthuwayb, Ayman A./0000-0001-5160-5016
dc.authoridAbd Rahman, Norhanani/0000-0002-5014-7284
dc.authoridDayo, Zaheer Ahmed/0000-0001-5033-3688
dc.authorwosidMohd Ibrahim, Imran/AAD-1597-2019
dc.authorwosidAl-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah/AAM-4036-2021
dc.authorwosidZakaria, Zahriladha/AAR-8298-2020
dc.authorwosidAhmad, Sarosh/CAF-6151-2022
dc.authorwosidAlthuwayb, Ayman A./ABG-2235-2020
dc.contributor.authorAl-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah
dc.contributor.authorZakaria, Zahriladha
dc.contributor.authorAbd Rahman, Norhanani
dc.contributor.authorAlthuwayb, Ayman A.
dc.contributor.authorIbrahim, Imran Mohd
dc.contributor.authorSaeidi, Tale
dc.contributor.authorDayo, Zaheer Ahmed
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-19T14:40:17Z
dc.date.available2024-05-19T14:40:17Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentİstinye Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractIn this work, a miniaturized and highly sensitive microwave sensor based on a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is proposed for the detection of liquid materials. The modeled sensor was designed based on the CSRR structure with triple rings (TRs) and a curve feed for improved measurement sensitivity. The designed sensor oscillates at a single frequency of 2.5 GHz, which is simulated using an Ansys HFSS simulator. The electromagnetic simulation explains the basis of the mode resonance of all two-port resonators. Five variations of the liquid media under tests (MUTs) are simulated and measured. These liquid MUTs are as follows: without a sample (without a tube), air (empty tube), ethanol, methanol, and distilled water (DI). A detailed sensitivity calculation is performed for the resonance band at 2.5 GHz. The MUTs mechanism is performed with a polypropylene tube (PP). The samples of dielectric material are filled into PP tube channels and loaded into the CSRR center hole; the E-fields around the sensor affect the relationship with the liquid MUTs, resulting in a high Q-factor value. The final sensor has a Q-factor value and sensitivity of 520 and 7.032 (MHz)/e(r)) at 2.5 GHz, respectively. Due to the high sensitivity of the presented sensor for characterizing various liquid penetrations, the sensor is also of interest for accurate estimations of solute concentrations in liquid media. Finally, the relationship between the permittivity and Q-factor value at the resonant frequency is derived and investigated. These given results make the presented resonator ideal for the characterization of liquid materials.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipMOHE; Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia [223202]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author gratefully acknowledges Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and the Federal Training (HLP) scholarship scheme awarded by MOHE. Moreover, the authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research through project number 223202.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ma16093416
dc.identifier.issn1996-1944
dc.identifier.issue9en_US
dc.identifier.pmid37176299en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85159313814en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org10.3390/ma16093416
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/4938
dc.identifier.volume16en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000987753700001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofMaterialsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmz20240519_kaen_US
dc.subjectComplementary Split-Ring Resonator (Csrr)en_US
dc.subjectLiquid Media Under Tests (Muts)en_US
dc.subjectTriple Rings (Trs)en_US
dc.subjectSensitivityen_US
dc.subjectQ-Factoren_US
dc.subjectPolypropylene (Pp) Tubeen_US
dc.subjectEthanolen_US
dc.subjectMethanolen_US
dc.subjectDistilled Water (Di)en_US
dc.titleA Miniaturized and Highly Sensitive Microwave Sensor Based on CSRR for Characterization of Liquid Materialsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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