Natural Terpenes Inhibit the Cytopathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri Causing Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in the Human Cell Line Model

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dc.authoridSiddiqui, Ruqaiyyah/0000-0001-9646-6208
dc.authoridShaikh, Mohd. Farooq/0000-0001-9865-6224
dc.authoridRajendran, Kavitha/0009-0008-1689-9387
dc.authorwosidSiddiqui, Ruqaiyyah/AIF-2100-2022
dc.authorwosidShaikh, Mohd. Farooq/H-6029-2019
dc.contributor.authorRajendran, Kavitha
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Usman
dc.contributor.authorMeunier, Alexia Chloe
dc.contributor.authorShaikh, Mohd Farooq
dc.contributor.authorSiddiqui, Ruqaiyyah
dc.contributor.authorAnwar, Ayaz
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-19T14:45:56Z
dc.date.available2024-05-19T14:45:56Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentİstinye Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractNaegleria fowleri is one of the free-living amoebae and is a causative agent of a lethal and rare central nervous system infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Despite the advancement in antimicrobial chemotherapy, the fatality rate in the reported cases is more than 95%. Most of the treatment drugs used against N. fowleri infection are repurposed drugs. Therefore, a large number of compounds have been tested against N. fowleri in vitro, but most of the compounds showed high toxicity. To overcome this, we evaluated the effectiveness of naturally occurring terpene compounds against N. fowleri. In this study, we evaluated the antiamoebic potential of natural compounds including Thymol, Borneol, Andrographolide, and Forskolin againstN. fowleri. Thymol showed the highest amoebicidal activity with IC50/24 h at 153.601 +/- 19.6 mu M. Two combinations of compounds Forskolin + Thymol and Forskolin + Borneol showed a higher effect on the viability of trophozoites as compared to compounds alone and hence showed a synergistic effect. The IC50 reported for Forskolin + Thymol was 81.30 +/- 6.86 mu M. Borneol showed maximum cysticidal activity with IC50/24 h at 192.605 +/- 3.01 mu M. Importantly, lactate dehydrogenase release testing revealed that all compounds displayed minimal cytotoxicity to human HaCaT, HeLa, and SH-SY5Y cell lines. The cytopathogenicity assay showed that Thymol and Borneol also significantly reduced the host cell cytotoxicity of pretreated amoeba toward the human HaCaT cell line. So, these terpene compounds hold potential as therapeutic agents against infections caused by N. fowleri and are potentially a step forward in drug development against this deadly pathogen as these compounds have also been reported to cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, an in vivo study using animal models is necessary to assess the efficacy of these compounds and the need for further research into the intranasal route of delivery for the treatment of these life-threatening infections.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSunway University; Sunway University, Malaysiaen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research work was supported by Sunway University, Malaysia.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00258
dc.identifier.endpage4114en_US
dc.identifier.issn1948-7193
dc.identifier.issue23en_US
dc.identifier.pmid37983556en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85178997641en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage4105en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00258
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/5397
dc.identifier.volume14en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001115544300001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAmer Chemical Socen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAcs Chemical Neuroscienceen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.snmz20240519_kaen_US
dc.subjectNaegleria Fowlerien_US
dc.subjectNatural Compoundsen_US
dc.subjectSynergisticen_US
dc.subjectAntiamoebicen_US
dc.subjectCytotoxicityen_US
dc.titleNatural Terpenes Inhibit the Cytopathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri Causing Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in the Human Cell Line Modelen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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