The efficacy of indoximod upon stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines in triple-negative breast cancer cells

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dc.contributor.authorGuney Eskiler, Gamze
dc.contributor.authorBilir, Cemil
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-29T07:29:30Z
dc.date.available2021-07-29T07:29:30Z
dc.date.issued2021en_US
dc.departmentİstinye Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition has received much attention in cancer immunotherapy due to its role in immune escape in cancer cells. Additionally, changes in the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels can affect tumor growth and metastasis as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The purpose of this study was for the first time to determine the effects of indoximod as an IDO inhibitor on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to assess the link between the efficacy of indoximod and IFN-? or TNF-? stimulation. Methods: The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of indoximod alone or IFN-? or TNF-? induction to mimic an inflammatory environment were evaluated by WST-1, Annexin V, cell cycle analysis, and acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) staining. Furthermore, the expression levels of IDO1 and PD-L1 expression were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: Our results demonstrated that indoximod significantly decreased the TNBC cell viability through apoptotic cell death (p < .05). The combination of indoximod and TNF-? was more effective than indoximod and IFN-? stimulation or indoximod alone in TNBC cells. Additionally, PD-L1 expression level was significantly up-regulated after treatment with indoximod and TNF-? or IFN-? combinations (p < .05). Conclusions: Indoximod exhibited a therapeutic potential in TNBC cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines could affect the effectiveness of indoximod. However, further studies are required to identify the role of the IDO-associated signaling pathways, the molecular mechanisms of indoximod induced apoptotic cell death, and the relationship between IDO inhibition by IDO inhibitors and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.en_US
dc.identifier.citationGuney Eskiler, G., & Bilir, C. (2021). The efficacy of indoximod upon stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology, 1–8. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2021.1953064en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/08923973.2021.1953064en_US
dc.identifier.endpage8en_US
dc.identifier.pmid34314307en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85111638763en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/Aen_US
dc.identifier.startpage1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2021.1953064
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/1959
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000677935300001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Onlineen_US
dc.relation.ispartofIMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGYen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectRiple-Negative Breast Canceren_US
dc.subjectIndoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)en_US
dc.subjectIndoximoden_US
dc.subjectPro-inflammatory Cytokinesen_US
dc.titleThe efficacy of indoximod upon stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines in triple-negative breast cancer cellsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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