Enhanced secondary aerosol formation driven by excess ammonia during fog episodes in Delhi, India

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dc.authoridİsmail Gültepe / 0000-0002-8433-5953en_US
dc.authorscopusidİsmail Gültepe / 56000281400en_US
dc.authorwosidİsmail Gültepe / CSK-8095-2022
dc.contributor.authorAcharja, Prodip
dc.contributor.authorAli, Kaushar
dc.contributor.authorGhude, Sachin Dinkar
dc.contributor.authorSinha, Vinayak
dc.contributor.authorSinha, Baerbel
dc.contributor.authorKulkarni, Rachana G.
dc.contributor.authorGültepe, İsmail
dc.contributor.authorRajeevan, M.
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-27T06:12:27Z
dc.date.available2021-12-27T06:12:27Z
dc.date.issued2022en_US
dc.departmentİstinye Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) has high wintertime fine aerosol loadings that significantly modulate the widespread fog formation and sustenance. Here, we investigate the potential formation of secondary inorganic aerosol driven by excess ammonia during winter fog. Physicochemical properties of fine aerosols (PM1 and PM2.5) and trace gases (HCl, HONO, HNO3, SO2, and NH3) were simultaneously monitored at hourly resolution using Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient air (MARGA-2S) for the first time in India. Results showed that four major ions, i.e., Cl?, NO3?, SO42?, and NH4+ contributed approximately 97% of the total measured inorganic ionic mass. The atmosphere was ammonia-rich in winter and ammonium was the dominant neutralizer with aerosol neutralization ratio (ANR) close to unity. The correlation between ammonium and chloride was ?0.8, implying the significant formation of ammonium chloride during fog in Delhi. Thermodynamical model ISORROPIA-II showed the predicted PM1 and PM2.5 pH to be 4.49 ± 0.53, and 4.58 ± 0.48 respectively which were in good agreement with measurements. The ALWC increased from non-foggy to foggy periods and a considerable fraction of fine aerosol mass existed in the supermicron size range of 1–2.5 ?m. The sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) of PM1, PM2.5 reached up to 0.60, 0.75 in dense fog and 0.74, 0.87 when ambient RH crossed a threshold of 95%, much higher than non-foggy periods (with confidence level of ?95%) pointing to enhanced formation of secondary aerosol in fog.en_US
dc.identifier.citationAcharja, P., Ali, K., Ghude, S. D., Sinha, V., Sinha, B., Kulkarni, R., ... & Rajeevan, M. N. (2021). Enhanced secondary aerosol formation driven by excess ammonia during fog episodes in Delhi, India. Chemosphere, 133155.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133155en_US
dc.identifier.issn0045-6535en_US
dc.identifier.pmid4875290en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85120750938en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133155
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/2344
dc.identifier.volume289en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000734129700004en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.institutionauthorGültepe, İsmail
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofChemosphereen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectMARGA-2Sen_US
dc.subjectpH and ALWCen_US
dc.subjectPM1en_US
dc.subjectPM2.5 and Trace Gasesen_US
dc.subjectSulfur Oxidation Ratio (SOR)en_US
dc.subjectThermodynamic Model (ISORROPIA-II)en_US
dc.subjectWinter Fog Experiment (WiFEX)en_US
dc.titleEnhanced secondary aerosol formation driven by excess ammonia during fog episodes in Delhi, Indiaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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