Immunotherapeutic approaches in hepatocellular carcinoma: building blocks of hope in near future
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2023
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Elsevier
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatic cancer and is among the major causes of mortality due to cancer. Due to the lack of efficient conventional therapeutic options for this cancer, particularly in advanced cases, novel treatments including immunotherapy have been considered. However, despite the encouraging clinical outcomes after implementing these innovative approaches, such as oncolytic viruses (OVs), adoptive cell therapies (ACT), immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs), and cancer vaccines, several factors have restricted their therapeutic effect. The main concern is the existence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Combination of different ICBs or ICBs plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown promising results in overcoming these limiting factors to some extent. Combination of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody Atezolizumab and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody Bevacizumab has become the standard of care in the first-line therapy for untestable HCC, approved by regulatory agencies. This paper highlighted a wide overview of the direct and indirect immunotherapeutic strategies proposed for the treatment of HCC patients and the common challenges that have hindered their further clinical applications. © 2022 The Authors
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Adoptive Cell Therapy, Cancer Immunotherapy, Cancer Vaccine, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Immune Checkpoint Blockades, Oncolytic Viruses
Kaynak
European Journal of Cell Biology
WoS Q Değeri
Q2
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
102
Sayı
1
Künye
Minaei, N., Ramezankhani, R., Tamimi, A., Piryaei, A., Zarrabi, A., Aref, A. R., ... & Vosough, M. (2022). Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Building Blocks of Hope in Near Future. European Journal of Cell Biology, 151284.
